Tasleḍt Yezger asaka n Lyes Belaidi
(Teẓrawt n Greimas d Bremond)

Yezger asaka d amecwar  n ilemẓi d-iskanen uguren tettidir Tefriqt akked wayen ttidiren yIfriqiyen ittnadin adeg yifen tamurt-nsen, d anadi ɣef talwit. Daɣen d tagnit ad d-sekneɣ uguren n tsertit n Lezzayer d umgarad n ttexmam n ugdud-is. Ur yezgi ara uguren ttidiren yilmeẓyen Izzayriyen am lexṣaṣ n uxeddim, ilem izedɣen deg-sen iserrwalen assirem ttafen tifrat deg trewla …

Belɛidi Lyas, ilul di 06 tuber 1990 deg Larbɛa Nat Yiraten, ( Tizi Wezzu). Γur-s agerdas n Master deg tutlayt tamaziɣt i d-yewwi seg tesdawit n Mulud Mɛemmri.
Aka tura d aselmad n tutlayt tamaziɣt deg tesnawit. Iḥella-d arrazen n tsekla: Sin n warrazen n tullisin Belɛid At Ɛli di Kanada. 2019 arraz wis 3 ma deg 2020 yewwi arraz amezwaru.
D aɛeggal amsuddes deg tesɣunt Aselmad, d tasɣunt n ugraw n yiselmaden i d-yettarun iḍrisen akked temsirin d yisefra d wayen nniḍen..
Yura kra n yimagraden deg uɣmis n Yimaziɣen La Dépêche de Kabylie …
Yettaru daɣen timezgunin i yettak i tdukliwin tidelsanin akken ad tent-salin ɣef usayes.

Agzul

D taḥkayt i d-yewwin ɣef umecwar n Saydu Mayga yiwen n yilemẓi seg tmurt n Mali. Seg temzi-s netta d ahemmber akked ddunit. Yeɣra yesɛa agerdas. Ur d-yufi ara axeddim alami i tt-yecrew merriɣet. Iɣil dayen ad yiẓid umɛic akken kan i tt-iɛebba temmal-as. Rebrab yuɣ tamurt n Mali, tameslayt ines d lmut akked ṛṛsas. Isexreb assirem i Ṣaydu. Zeḍmen ɣer tkebbanit ideg ixeddem, isenser-d iman-is seg lḥeffa n lmut.

Takebbanit tabeṛṛanit icexren rrbayeḥ n tmurt n Mali, temdel. Ṣṣaydu yufa-d iman-is i tikelt nniḍen deg uzniq. Yuyes, yegmen ad yerwel ɣer tmura ittakken abeḥri i turet. Akken ad yaweḍ ɣer Lurup ilaq ad iɛeddi seg Lezzayer. Ddeqs n lwilayat ideg yeɛfes uḍar-is. Win yewwet uɛessas ikemmel-as umdan ddeqs n tlufa d lmertat i yedder ; ittwargem, ittwaḥqer, ittewwet …

Armi d asmi i as-tger tmurt n Leqbayel irebbi. Ixeddem ɣer Ba Muḥ, isassay-d aɣrum. Yessen Ṭiṭi akked yexdem asaɣ n tuzzuft. Yessen daɣen Mennad ; yiwen n yilemẓẓi yeɣran meɛna yeggra-d ixeddem ayen yufa. Aɣrum yekfa ɣer Ba Muḥ asmi tewweḍ tudert-is ɣer tlisa.

Ṣayddu ziɣ d abrid i t-id-yewwin ɣer Mennad akken ad dduklen ad kemmlen asikel lwaḥid. I teflukt iwumi fkan laman, sersen tudert-nsen deg yirebbi-is akken ad ten-tessiweḍ ɣer wakkin i lebḥer.

Amecwar n yilemẓi-ya isken-d uguren tettidir Tefriqt akked wayen ttidiren yIfriqiyen ittnadin adeg yifen tamurt-nsen, d anadi ɣef talwit. Daɣen d tagnit ad d-sekneɣ uguren n tsertit n Lezzayer d umgarad n ttexmam n ugdud-is. Ur yezgi ara uguren ttidiren yilmeẓyen izzayriyen am lexṣaṣ n uxeddim, ilem izedɣen deg-sen iserrwalen assirem ttafen tifrat deg trewla …

Tabadut n wullis

Ullis d ṣṣenf n uḍris yebnan ɣef tsiwelt n yineḍruyen i d-ittaken taḥkayt. S umata, yettili ullis d aḍris n tesrit, yerna yebḍa ɣef  waṭas n wanawen. Ger wanawen-a, yella wungal, tulist (wi d anawen atraren n wullis di teqbaylit), tamacahut, tamɛayt d tedyant d anawen imensayen n wullis di teqbaylit.^[1]

Awadem

Awadem d aferdis ageǧdan di tesleḍṭ n tsiwelt am netta am tigawt tkerrist am wakud am wadeg. Ur isefk ara ad issaɛdel yiwen gar uwadem akk d umdan. Awadem, ittili kan deg udris. Tudert-id teqqen kan ɣer tin uḍris, tbeddu s wawalen imezwura n teḥkayt, tkeffu s taggara n tɣuri n taḥkayt.^[2]

Azenziɣ n yimigan (schéma de Greimas):

Azenziɣ n yimigan, d aznziɣ isers umussnaw n tsekla Julien Greimas yeskan-d udmawen akked yiswi agejdan yettilin deg uḍris ullis ayen yecban tamacahut. Azenziɣ-a yemmal-d tawuri i sεan merra yiwudam ittekkin deg uḍris (d iɣallen isedduyen ullis) akked tɣawsa neɣ iswi agejdan n uḍris.

Γer Greimas taɣessa n tneqqist (am tmacahut), tebna ɣef yimesgan d wassaɣen yella gar-asen di teḥkayt. Amseg d ṣṣenf n yiwudam ixeddmen tigawin ittemcabin. Amedya: Iwudam akk yettɛawanen aṣaḍ akken ad yaweḍ lebɣi-s ad ttuneḥsaben d yiwen n umessag (d yiwen n ṣṣenf). Yekkes-d Greimas 6 n leṣnaf n yimesgan: masifeḍ, anermas, amgay, taɣawsa, amalal, amnamar.^[3]

Greimas isers sdis n yiɣallen igejdanen deg uzenziɣ yal wa ɣef laḥsab n twuri-nsen. Deg-s ad naf :

1. Asaḍ: d awadem agejdan. Fell-as i beddent tigawin n wullis. d netta ara yessawḍen ad d-yawi taɣawsa neɣ ara yessawḍen ar yiswi.
   

   Asaḍ iqubel lafɛa mm ssebɛa n yiqerra.

2. Taɣawsa neɣ Iswi: d ayen iɣer ira ad yaweḍ wasaḍ. Yezmer ad yili d taɣawsa ɣef yettnadi wasaḍ, neɣ d amdan, d ttar ad t-yerr, d tayri n tmeṭṭut, d agerruj, d tilelli, d nnif…
3. Amazan: D netta ara yaznen asaḍ ad yeg tigawin ilaqen i wakken ad yaweḍ ɣer yiswi. Yezmer ad yili d asaḍ s timmad-is, neɣ d ayen yettḥulfu ama d laẓ ama d tayri… tikwal ur tzemmreḍ ara ad t-tebḍuḍ neɣ ad tsemgirdeḍ gar-asen acku asaḍ yezmer ad yesεu snat n twuriwin, yettili d udem agejdan, d amazan deg yiwet n tegnit.
4. Anermas: D win ara yesfaydin seg tigawin n wasaḍ. Amedya yezmer ad yili d asaḍ s timmad-is neɣ d amazan …
5. Amalal : d awadem ara yefken afus n talelt i wasaḍ, yezmer ad yili d amɣar azemni, tayemmat, aseḥḥar, tabɣest, afud…
6. Amnamar: d win ara d-yeffɣen mgal n wasaḍ (ad as-id-yezg d ugur akken ur ittaweḍ ara ɣer iswi-s). Amedya : Awaɣzen, Taryel, lafɛa mm ssebɛa n yiqeṛṛa, Ssebɛa n lebḥur …

Hatan uzenziɣ n yimigan i isers Mass Grimas.

• Ger tamawt:
• Yezmer ur tettafeḍ ara kra n yiwudam yellan deg uzenziɣ n yimigan daxel n udris n tmacahut. Amedya yezmer ur tettafeḍ ara imnamaren neɣ imallalen.
• Yezmer ad tafeḍ ddeqs n yiwudam sεan yiwet n twuri. Amedya ad ttafeḍ aṭas n yimnamaren deg yiwet n tmacahut (taryel, awaɣzen, aseḥḥar…)
• Di tneqqist, imigi ur d-ittban ara kan s wudem n umdan . Yezmer d aɣersiw neɣ dayen ur nesɛi ṛṛuḥ (aẓru, aḍu… ) ɣef waya Greimas issaxdam tamiḍrant imigi mačči awadem.^[4]
  
  Azenziɣ n yimigan i wungal “Yezger asaka”

Azenziɣ n wullis (Azenziɣ awuran):

Akken ad d-isefhem amek yebna uḍris ullis, Greimas isnulfa-d lqaleb n twuriwin ideg d-yesken amek i d-tḍerru teḥkayt … Azenziɣ n wullis yeskanay-d amek tettnerni tesrit segmi tebda alama tekfa.

Ɣer Greimas, lant tlata n tegnatin: tagnit n tazware, tagnit n tlemmast, tagnit n taggara.^[5]

Aḍris n ullis yebḍa ɣef krad n tegnatin:

1 -Tagnit tamezwarut neɣ tagnit n talwit:

Di tegnit-agi liḥala n terged; anallas yettak-d adeg d wakud ideg ḍran yineḍriyen akked yiwudam igejdanen akked liḥala nsen n tazwara. Nezmer ad naf deg-s ccuya n uglam amedya aglam n yiwudam neɣ adeg ideg ttidiren.

D aḥric amezwaru; deg-s I d-yemmal win I d-iḥekkun iwudam ittekkin di teḥkayt. D aḥric-agi I d-yemmalen daɣen melmi d wanda I teḍra teḥkayt.^[6]

2 -Tagnit tis snat neɣ tagnit n wugur akked tigawin:

Deg tegnit-agi yettili-d unbeddel n liḥala-nni n talwit n tazwara, yettili-d wugur neɣ akken nniḍen aferdis n warway ara yesluɣen tagnit-nni n warkad. Deg tegnit-agi i d-ttilin yimeḍriyen akked tigawin acku iwudam ttnadin amek ara frun ugur. Daɣen deg-s anallas yessekcam-d iwudam imaynuten akked udiwenni. Tagnit-agi di taggara-s nettaf tifrat i wugur-nni yellan

3 -Tagnit n taggara:

D tuɣalin n liḥala n warkad. Temmal-d amek i d-ggran yiwudam di taggara. Deg-s ara nẓar amek tekfa tesrit.

D aḥric aneggaru. Deg-s I tettili tifrat n tekrest n teḥkayt. Deg-s immal-d win I d-iḥekkun amek tekfa teḥkayt.^[7]

 Tasleḍt n  Yezger Asaka ilmed n u zenziɣ n wullis :

1 – Tagnit n talwit : Akud: Mi yella d ilemẓi yeqqaren di tesdawit Adeg: Deg tmurt n Mali Iwudam igejdanen d wamek ttidiren: Sayddu Mayga, d ilemẓi yekfa-d leqraya ur yufi axeddim Aglam: aglam n ṭṭbiɛa n Ṣayddu, Aglam n tfekka n unelmad aṭwayci.

2- Tagnit n wugur d yineḍruyen : Aferdis n warway: Azḍam n yirebraben ɣer tkebbanit ideg ixeddem. Yeggra-d bla axeddim Azrar n tigawin (Amseḍfer n yineḍruyen): ad d-nebder kra seg-sent : Sayddu yekra yekfa ussirem deg tmurt yuɣ rebrab. Yegmen ad yerwel seg tmrt-is ad inadi ɣef tmurt nniḍen Yebda asikel iɛedda yeẓra-d taddart-is. Yekcem tilisa n Lezzayer. Yexdem kra wagguren deg Ḥassi Mesɛud. Yeḥder i tmuḥqranit i d-yettilin ɣef yifriqiyen i d-irewlen am netta. Yelḥeq ɣer Msila ixeddem d aḥemmal di ssuq. Uwten-t, mjajin-as. Yeggra-di tmrt n Leqbayel, ixeddem ɣer Ba Muḥ. Yessen Ṭiṭi, yexdem yid-s tuzzuft. Yemmut Ba Muḥ daɣen yeggra-d ṣayddu bla axeddim. Ttnadin amek ara selken iman-nsen. Iwudam imaynuten: Irebraben, ameddakkel, aɛessas n tesdawit, iḥemmalen, bab n usensu, Baku, Ba Muḥ, Ṭiṭi, Mennad, aɛennabi … Adiwenni: yella udiwenni ddeqs n tikkal amedya adiwenni gar Ṣayddu d uɛessas n tesdawit, ameslay gar Sayddu d Ba Muḥ … Tifrat n wugur: Yerkeb taflukt ad tt-yuwet ḥerraga.

3 – Tagnit n taggara : Sayddu akked Mennad rekben taflukt ad tt-uwten ḥerraga. Deg yilel teḍra-d twaɣit, terreẓ teflukt. Ur iban ma leḥqen neɣ ala.

• Taẓrawt n Bremond :

Ilugan n teẓrawin n tsekla tiqdimin urzent ameskar, fkan-as lqaleb ara yeḍfer. Xedment-as tillisa i usnulfu. Yussa-d Bremond ixulef tidmiwin tiqdimin, netta yefka-as azal i tlelli n umeskar d anallas ad d-alsen akken bɣan.
Taẓrawt-ines teɛna tigawin d yineḍruyen n tesrit. Yemla-d amek tetteddu teḥkayt.
Tamuɣli n Claude Bremond, temxalaf aṭas ɣef tmuɣli n Propp d tin Greimas. Ur ttemseḍfarent ara twuriwin (tigawin n yiwudam) amzun d azrar, ta deffir tayeḍ… Yefka Bremond azal ameqqran i tlelli n umsawel. D amsawel ara iselhun taḥkayt akken i as-yehwa… Ad yextir amek ara ikemmel taḥkayt i d iḥekku
Yal tikkelt ara d tilli tegnit n tigawt, ad d-yaf iman-is umsawel gar sin n yibardan. Tezmer tigawt-nni ad d-teḍru tezmer ur d-tḍerru ara. Ma yella teḍra, tezmer ad tekfu akken izmer ur tkeffu ara .
Di tidmi n Bremond lan sin yibardan deg usuddes n tsiwelt ..

1. Asuddes amenzu yebna ɣef usggem n liḥala ( processus damelioration) Liḥala n uwadem tella ur telhi ara di tazwara ad tuɣal ad telhu di taggara.
2. Asuddes wis sin yebna ɣef usexser n liḥala n uwadem (processus de dtrioration) Simal tettnarni tneqqist simal txetter liḥala n uwadem ageǧdan. Ma yella deg useddes amenzu simal tleḥu taḥkayt simal tettseggim ^[8]

• Tasleḍt n wungal  Yezger asaka ilmend n teẓrawt n Bremond :

Ma neḍfer tidmi n Bremond ad naf s tidet llan sin n yiberdan-agi n usuddes n tsiwelt.

• Asuddes n useggem n liḥala n uwadem agejdan:

Sumata taḥkayt n Sayddu tettseggim. Yeṭṭef amecwar iqubel uguren yeggul ad yaweḍ ɣer lebɣi-is ad iruḥ seg tmurt n lbaṭel ad izegger ilel.

• Asuddes n usexser n liḥala n uwadem agejdan :

Ma nexdem tasleḍt-agi ɣef yiḥricen n wungal ad naf yal aḥric di tazwara terked liḥala n uwadem maca ɣer taggara txerreb.
_______

[1] Muḥend Akli Salḥi, Kra n tsura i tɣuri n tsekla. 2-Taɣuri n tneqqist d usefru. 11
[2] Idem, sb 14
[3] Idem, Sb 28
[4] Muḥend Akli Salḥi, Kra n tsura i tɣuri n tsekla, 2-Taɣuri n tneqqist d usefru. Sb 28
[5] Muḥend Akli Salḥi, Kra n tsura i tɣuri n tsekla, 2-Taɣuri n tneqqist d usefru sb 28.
[6] Muḥend Akli Salḥi, Asegzawal ameẓẓyan n tsekla, Sb 51
[7] Muhend akli Salḥi, Asegzawal ameẓẓyan n tsekla, Sb 51
[8] Muhend Akli Salhi, Kra n tsura i tɣuri n tsekla. 2-Taɣuri n tneqqist d usefru sb 31.

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Belɛidi Lyas, Yezger asaka. Tizrigin IMRU, Tizi Wezzu, 2019.
Muḥend Akli Salḥi, Kra n tsura i tɣuri n tsekla, 2 -Taɣuri n tneqqist d usefru. Tizrigin TIRA, Bgayet, 2015.
Muhend Akli Salḥi, Asegzawal Ameẓẓyan n tsekla, Tizrigin Odyssée. Tizi Wezzu 2012.
Muḥend Akli Salḥi, Kra n tsura i tɣuri n tsekla. 1- Γef tsekla d tɣuri, Tizrigin TIRA, Bgayet, 2015.