Ixef n usennan d ungal wis sin n Yusef Ɛacuri ; yeffeɣ-d deg wussan-agi ineggura di 2018 ɣer tezrigin Atfaluna. Ungal-is amezwaru isemma-as Ijeǧǧigen n cwal (Tizrigin Beɣdadi di 2014). Yusef Ɛacuri, yura diɣen ammud n tullisin i umi isemma Aklan n tayri (Aseqqamu unnig n timuzɣa, di 2012).
Ungal-agi, Ixef n usennan, yebded ɣef 15 n yixfawen. Taḥkayt-is d taḥerfit, d taḥkayt n tayri gar Ṭariq d Ruẓa. Niqqal msebḍan ; d jeddi-s n Ruẓa i ten-yebḍan asmi i yenfa Ṭariq seg Tferka n uzaɣar. Yebḍa-ten, acku yugad i iḍerrun i yelli-s n mmi-s (Ruẓa). Netta ur yeḥsi ara belli Ṭariq d Ruẓa xedmen ayen akken yugad (sb. 42). Yerna, yella jeddi-s n Ruẓa yeḥqer Ṭariq. Zrin yiseggasen, yezzi-d Ṭariq, yuɣ Taferka n uzaɣar ; teqqel-d tayri-nni i ten-yezdin.Ɣas tkukra niqqal Ruẓa, imi tugad d ttar kan i d-yerran Ṭariq, uɣalen myezwaǧen.
Taḥkayt n wungal-agi d taḥerfit acku diɣen ur tuqqten ara deg-s yiwudam ; llan kan tlata : Ruẓa, Jeddi-s d Ṭariq. Wiyeḍ, yewwi-ten-id kan umeddaḥ di teqsit. D acu kan, taɣara tamxaleft n uḍris-agi ur teqqin ɣer usentel, ur teqqin ɣer usuddes n teḥkayt, ur teqqin ɣer yiwudam (la deg tudert-nsen la deg wassaɣen yellan gar-asen).
Udem amxalef n uḍris-agi, ad t-yaf umeɣri deg uɣanib-ines. Aḍris-a, ittusemma d ungal meɛna yebna am tmezgunt. Tira-ines d tira tamzagunt. Tumast (l’essence) n tira-agi, terra aɣanib n uḍris-agi yesdukkel gar snat n tewsatin : ungal d umezgun. Aḍris d ungal, ma d aɣanib n umezgun. D ayen i as-yefkan, di tmuɣli-w, taɣara tamxaleft.
Ddeqs n tɣawsiwin i d-yeskanayen udem n umezgun deg uḍris-agi.
Tamezwarut d atuqqet n yidiwenniten gar yiwudam (dialogues). Ɣas ini-d : ixfawen akk n wungal-agi d idiwenniten gar Ruẓa d Ṭariq, gar Ruẓa d jeddi-s, gar Ṭariq d jeddi-s n Ruẓa. Drus maḍi n wawal ur nelli d adiwenni. Zemreɣ ad d-iniɣ, ilmend n wayen d wamek i ɣriɣ ungal-agi, belli deg uḍris-agi n Yisef Ɛacuri llan 5 n yigiten (actes), yal yiwen deg-sen yebḍa ɣef 03 n tegnatin. Tignatin-a, nezmer ad tent-nerr d isuyas (asuf n usayes). Ittusemma : ixfawen n wungal-agi (di 15) gan amzun d isuyas; dduklen tlata tlata, tadukli-agi tefka-d 05 n yigiten.
Tis snat : mi ara yili wawal mačči d adiwenni gar yiwudam, ittili ya d awal n umsawal (narrateur) Ya d awal n taɣect ur nban wi tt-ilan. Tettakk anzi ɣer wayen i umi qqaren s tefransit deg umezgun voix-off : d taɣect i d-yettekken beṛṛa i usayes. Ya d awal n uwadem yettmeslayen iman-is, ittusemma d inaw agensay (monologue intérieur). Ula d awal-agi yettakk anzi ɣer wawal i d-yeqqar usegbar (acteur) maca ur t-sellen ara yisegbar nniḍen, isell-as kan uzayez (public), s tefransist qqaren-as : aparté. Mi ara yili wawal-agi d awal n umsawal ad naf deg-s isalan abeɛda ɣef wakud d wadeg n tigawt (ittili s umata di tazwara n yal ixef), neɣ ɣef waddaden n yiwudam (les états des personnages).
Annect-a akk, ama d taɣect-agi tuffirt, ama d awal-agi n uwadem d yiman-is, yezmer ad ten-yeḥseb yiwen d isalan yettunefken i umeɣri – deg umezgun i uzayez (public). Ma d awal n umsawal, d wayen akk yeqqnen ɣer tsiwelt (narration), d iwellihen ɣef tedlegt (décor), ɣef yiḥulfan n yiwudam, ɣef wadeg (espace) d wakud (temps) n tigawin (actions), atg. Ma yerra ddehn-is umeɣri, ad yaf isalan-agi di tazwara n yal ixef. Isalan yerzan akud d wadeg, ttunefken-d deg uḍris-agi amzun akken d asenked (presentation) i urar n yiwudam ɣef usayes (walit tifyar timenza di yal ixef : sb. 15, 29, 37, 45, 51, 59, 71, 97, 105, 107, 111).
Taɣawsa tis tlata, tagi teqqen ɣer tɣessa n uḍris-agi deg wayen yerzan agbur (contenu) d wassaɣ n tɣessa-agi d tewsit n tsekla d yinaw (discours). Ma yella tawsit taseklant n uḍris-agi d ungal, issefk ad ifiq umeɣri belli taɣessa-s yewwi-d aṭas seg tira n umezgun. Ma iwala yiwen s uḥeṣṣen, ad yaf belli ungal-agi, ama deg ugbur-ines ama deg tɣessa-s, d aḍris yesduklen sin n wanawen (types) n umezgun : tamellaɣt (comédie) d tkesna (tragédie). D ayen i umi qqaren s tefransist : tragi-comédie. Annect-a, yettban-d di tilin n uhuḍ (malheur) di teḥkayt d tifrat issefraḥen ɣer taggara. Beṭṭu n wid imeḥmalen (Ṭariq d Ruẓa), amxalef d teɛdawt yellan gar jeddi-s n Ruẓa d Ṭariq, Tugdi n ttar (Ruẓa tugad Ṭariq ad yerr ttar deg jeddi-s), wigi akk d udmawen n uhuḍ (malheur) deg uḍris-agi. Ma d taggara n teḥkayt tessefraḥ : Ṭariq d Ruẓa myezwaǧen, yerna tekkes cceḥna gar Ṭariq d jeddi-s n Ruẓa.
D aɣanib-agi i ibedden ɣef umyekcem n umezgun deg wungal i as-yefkan udem amxalef i uḍris-agi n Yusef Ɛacuri. D taɣara-agi tamesɣanibt (caractère stylistique) i t-iferqen diɣen ɣef wungalen nniḍen.
Yusef Ɛacuri
Ixef n usennan,
Tizrigin Atfaluna,
Alger, 2018.
Muḥend Akli SALḤI