D acu i yettarran aḍris d ungal ? Amek i tseɛɛu teḥkayt udem n wungal ? D acu-ten yiferdisen (éléments) n tinnugla (romanesque) ? Amek ara yebḍu umeɣri ungal ɣef uḍris ur nelli d ungal ? Amek ara yeɛqel yiwen udem n wungal ? Isteqsiyen-agi akk, wellhen ɣer wayen i d-yeskanen tinnugla n uḍris.
Akken ad d-yerr yiwen ɣef yisteqsiyen-agi, yezmer ad yeḍfer sin n yiberdan. Deg ubrid amenzu, ad nessegrew iḍrisen akk ideg tella teḥkayt (histoire) ; imi tella teḥkayt, tella tsiwelt (narration), imi tella teḥkayt d tsiwelt deg uḍris, ittusemma uḍris-nni d taneqqist (récit, llan wid i as-yeqqaren ullis). Awal taneqqist d awal amatu i yesdukklen iḍrisen akk ideg d tasiwelt i d-sawalen taḥkayt (taɣect i d-yessawalen, nezmer ad nẓer wi tt-ilan (amedya d awadem) akken yezmer ad yili bab-is d uffir (d taɣect kan).
Akken ad d-yesken leṣnaf n tneqqisin (ayen i yezmer ad yerr d tiwsatin), ad inadi ad iẓer, di tazwara n tmezwura, d acu-t wassaɣ n yal ṣṣenf d teḥkayt i d-yessawal (iḥekku) umsawal (narrateur), ma yella d assaɣ n tilawt (rapport factuel) neɣ d assaɣ n uferriɣ (rapport fictionnel). Lmeɛna-s ma yella taḥkayt-nni i d-yessawal umaswal d ayen yeḍran d tidet neɣ d taḥkayt i d-yesnulfa bab-is. Tamgarda-agi gar tilawt (réalité) d uferriɣ (fiction) d lsas agejdan deg usebded n unagraw n tneqqisin di yal idles. Yal timetti, tbeṭṭu tineqqisin-is s umenzay-agi.
Di teqbaylit, tadyant, taluft, taqsit, tajrirt d leṣnaf n tneqqisin ibedden ɣef tilawt, ttawin-d ɣef wayen yeḍran d tidet neɣ ḥesben-ten yimdanen ḍrant teḥkayin-nsen di tudert d umezruy. Tamacahut, tamɛayt, tullist, ungal d leṣnaf n tneqqisin ibedden ɣef uferriɣ. Tiḥkayin iɣef ttawin, sumata, d asugen i tent-id-isugen umdan. Sumata, agraw amenzu n tneqqisin, ur ittuneḥsab ara d tasekla. Ma deg ugraw wis sin, leṣnaf-ines bennun anagraw aseklan ibedden ɣef tesrit (prose), ttuneḥsaben d tiwsatin tiseklanin.
Tiwsatin-agi tiseklanin, nezmer ad tent-nebḍu ɣef sin : tiwsatin ibedden ɣef umakun (merveilleux) am tmacahut d temɛayt d tewsatin ibedden ɣef teknilawt (vraisemblance) am tullist d wungal. D acu kan ttemyekcament tewsatin-agi deg waygar-asent ; tilisa gar-sent, ur sbikent ara ; tineggura-agi, yuɣal usuref gar tewsatin-agi d udem n usetrer d tetrarit i tsekla… yal tasekla.
Akken i t-id-nsedda deg uḍris-agi, nesbedd iferdisen imenza n tinnugla (premiers éléments du romanesque) ɣef ukenni gar yigrawen n yiḍrisen ; s umenzay n temgarda (principe d’opposition) i neɛreḍ ad nebḍu iḍrisen. Di tazwara, tamgarda tilawt mgal aferriɣ ; syin akin tamgarda amakun mgal taknilawt. Tinnugla, tressa, deg umenzay, ɣef snat n tgejda :
- Aferriɣ (fiction) : taḥkayt n wungal, d asugen i tt-id-isugen umdan ; ɣas ma yerfed-tt-id seg tilawt, yessekcam deg-s aferriɣ.
- Taknilawt (vraisemblance) : ɣas d aferriɣ, taḥkayt deg wungal tettak anzi ɣer tilawt yettidir umdan. Tettusemma d tilawt izemren ad tili, iqebbel-itt umdan acku teqreb mliḥ ɣer tilawt-is, mačči am teḥkayin n tmucuha.
Ma d abrid wis sin i d-yessefhamen tinnugla, yebded ɣef uslaḍ n tulmisin (lewṣayef) n wungal (analyse des caractéristiques du roman). Abrid-agi wis sin d akemmel i ttkemmil abrid-nni amenzu. Ddurt i d-iteddun, ad d-nawi awal fell-as.
Muḥend Akli Salḥi
