Qbel asenked n wungal-a, taɣuri-inu taseklant yeqqnen ɣer teɣlaft n wungal, azwel-is, isental yellan deg-s, amawal, acbak, tatiknikt d umcubbak, taɣuri tasentalant akked tamesɣanibt. Γer taggara, ad d-iniɣ d acu akk i d-yuwi wungal-a d atrar i tsekla taqbaylit (iswi n tɣuri-ya d asenked n wungal-a d wayen yellan deg-s akken ad t-issinen yimeɣriyen, akken daɣen ad rren lwelha-nsen ɣer kra n tneqḍin yesɛan azal ameqqran).
Acu i-d-tesban tduli n wugal?
Tiṭ, ddaw-as illeḍ. D tiṭ yeččuren d initen sdaxel d berra. Llant tewriqin settfent ta sufella n ta. Llant tiyaḍ ttferfirent. Tiyaḍ kemcent ɣef ṭṭabla neɣ lqaɛa. Fell-asent tettban-d tira tseggem. Ma ɣef yiran n tjellabt ad nwali tira xerbubcent ttwarunt s ufus.Ttwaliɣ tajellabt-a mačči d tin d-ijebbden ahat aṭas imeɣriyen (Ma yella imeɣri-nni ur yessin ara amaru n wungal-a yakkan neɣ ur yessin ara ayen ixeddem) meɛna tugna-a, teqqen ɣer uzwel akked ugbur iɣef d-yettawi wungal. Teqqen daɣ ɣer uzwel-is.
Azwel
Azwel n wungal-a nezmer ad t-nebḍu ɣef sin n yiḥricen :
Amenzu, Tiṭ d yilleḍ, s tira tahrawant. Sin-a n wawalen d inemgalen : tiṭ d azamul n ccbaḥa, yes-s i d-tettili tmuɣli. Ma d illeḍ, d aṭṭan, yettcemmiten tiṭ, yeqeflen tamuɣli. S Tiṭ amdan yes-s yettwalli ccbaḥa n ddunit. Ma d illeḍ d ẓẓerb i tmuɣli ccbaḥa-nni. Deg wungal-a, ahat illeḍ d yir ansayen, tasnakta n wid irefden cnawi n yigenni, d tannumi n umdan akked tmetti i as-id-ittḥettimen ilugan-is.
Wis sin, Ayen i d-qqarent tewriqin, s tira tahrawant meẓẓiyen ɣ ma nkenna-tt ɣer uḥric-nni amezwaru n uzwel, meḥsub d tiwriqin-nni i as-d-tuwi Ṭawes i winna d-ijemɛen iḍrisen, yeqqar-d ayen yellan deg-sent. D ayen i d-nnant kan i aɣ-d-yessawaḍ neɣ i aɣ-d-yeqqar, netta tikkwal irennu-as azɣan neɣ awennet i wayen akk d-nnan yiwudam-nni.
Ma nger tamawt ad naf, azwel yugar tira n yisem n umeskar. Ahat aya yeqqen ɣer tḥerfit (simplicité) n umeskar neɣ ahat yebɣa ad d-isɛeddi izen akken imeɣriyen ad gen ugar n wazal i wayen yeqqnen ɣer uzwel-agi.
Agzul
Amur amenzu n wungal, yebda s : Mlaleɣ-tt acḥal d abrid…, D taqsiḍt i yebdan mi d-tusa yiwet n tmeṭṭut ɣer yiwen ixeddem deg tesdawit akken ad as-tefk kra n tewriqin i d-tejmeɛ, tenna-as belli d aweṣṣi i tt-id-weṣṣan ɣur-s akken ad tt-iɛawen ɣer ḥedd n yimaẓragen. Tessuter-as ad iwali ma yella temɛen teḥkayt-nni ad as-d-ternu tiwriqin-niḍen. Seg yimir uɣalen ttemlilen acḥal d abrid, yal lḥedd d lexmis i wazal n sin wayyuren.
Deg yal tikkelt ideg ara mlilen ad as-d-tawi tiwriqin i d-tejmeɛ. Tenna-yas « tiwriqin i k-in-fkiɣ, ḥseb-itent d iceqfan n tecbaylit i sɣeḍlen yiɣisan. Sdukkel-iten, ma tessawḍeḍ, akken i twalaḍ yemleḥ neɣ akken tenwiḍ yemɛen… tebɣiḍ ad terreḍ tacbaylit ɣer wudem-is amenzu, yewqem; tebɣiḍ ad as-tefkeḍ udem-niḍen, ur yexsir ara”. [Sb. 25]
Mi d-yejmeε tiwriqin-nni, yeqqar-itent, yufa-tent mxallafent (tiwriqin tiwraɣin/ tiwriqin tiqehwiyin/ tiwriqin yeṭṭfen s umessak n ucekkuḥ n tmeṭṭut/ tiwriqin yesεan rriḥa/ tiwriqin ikemcen/ tiwriqin iḍefsen/ tiwriqin tilelliyin/ tiwriqin ideg tira tseggem/ tiwriqin ideg tira txerbubec), yal tawriqt d abrid i yessuffuɣen ɣer teḥkayin d lbaḍnat n yimeskaren-nsent;
Awadem amezwaru ara naf deg uḍris-a, d amuḍin yeẓẓel ɣef umeṭṭreḥ, zzin-as yifremliyen akked ṭṭbib i as-yekkaten tisegnatin n murfin akken ad inqes leqriḥ-nni n lkunṣir i ihemmjen di tfekka-s. Deg lawan-nni tekcem-d Ṭawes (awadem-niḍen) akken ad tejmeɛ tiwriqin yura umuḍin i d-yeɣlin si ṭṭabla ɣer lqaɛa. ṭṭbib yewhem amek akka deg tegnit am tinna nettat la tjemmeɛ tiwriqin. Yessuter-as ad teḥbes ajmaɛ, tugi. Dɣa yessuter-as ad t-teḍfer ɣer lbiru mi ara kfun akked umuḍin-nni.
Deg lbiru-ni, ɛellqent tfelwiyin n teklut. Snat rsent ɣef lḥiḍ iqublen lbiru. Jebdent-d lwelha n tefremlit-nni; yiwet d tafelwit n Edward Munc (d anaẓur n Nurvaj). Tayeḍ, n Mḥemmed Isyaxem (d anaẓur-nneɣ). Uqbel ad d-yenṭq ṭṭbib akken ad tt-ilum, tenna-as «yal yiwen deg-neɣ amek i yettnadi ad t-yesseḥlu», teḥka-yas belli amuḍin mačči anagar aṭṭan-a n lkunsir i itetten deg-s meɛna yesɛa aṭtan t-yugaren wagi d aṭṭan n tatut.
Sebba n waṭṭan-a, yusa-d si tyiti n leɣder i t-uwten wat-ccnawi n yigenni « Ɛnan-t ɣer timmiḍt n terwiḥt, qesden ad kkseɣ iziɣer-ines… Ad t-awin d amedya swayes ara d-qḍun tasusmi d tuggdi n wiyeḍ. Taggara uwten, zeglen […] Γas zeglen tudert-is, ḥuzan-t deg takatut-is. Ussan imezwura mi t-uwten, yettu ula d iman-is, yuɣal mačči d netta, d tafekka kan, la aktay, la izri, yettawi kan lewhi s wallen”. [Sb. 109].
Γer taggara, amuḍin tuɣal-it-id tkatut-ines. Meεna yugi ad yuɣal ɣer wayen i t-yerran d aεeggal kan di tmetti-s (naɣ yugi ad yidir am nutni). Akka kan i d-yufa abrid akken ad d-yini : «Ala i tmetti-s d wansayen isebken.»
Ula d ṭṭbib-nni yesɛa tadyant-is i yettcabin ɣer tin n umuḍin; d acu kan amuḍin yebɣa ad d-yemmekti, ma yella d ṭṭbib yebɣa ad yettu. Ad yettu tirga-nni i as-d-yettasen yal iḍ ur t-ttaǧǧant ara ad yeṭṭes. Dima tettas-as-it-d yemma-s, yettwali-tt s tmuɣli-nni ines ijeɛren.
Tirga-nni, srewlent-tt-id si temdint n Perpenyu anda yella ixeddem. Xas akka ur t-ixus wacemma dinna, meɛna ur yethenna ara. Yuɣal-d ɣer tmurt akken ad inadi takatut-is akked yiman-is.
Amejjay, s tuɣalin-is ɣer tmurt, yessarem ad yuɣal ɣer temẓi-s akken kan ad yefhem acimi i yettargu yir tirga ideg yemma-s yettwali-tt terfa fell-as.
Γer yidis n tlata-ya n yiwudam, tella Ṭawes, tameddakkelt n umuḍin, i d-irezzun fell-as yal ass ɣer sbiṭar akken ad as-d-tɣer seg tewriqin-nni i yella yettaru. Tettɛawan-it akken ad d-yemmekti, akken daɣ ad d-yuɣal ɣer yiman-is, maca netta ibelleɛ-d tawwurt.
Yella uwadem-niḍen, wagi d awadem i d-yettuɣalen deg tewreqtin-nni yura umuḍin, wa d yiwen n uxwanǧi d Bu-učamar s yisem Ɛebdu Al-Ilah (mmi-s xalti-s n umuḍin yakkan), yezga di sbiṭar yettɛassa amuḍin-nni am wakken yuggad ad d-yaki. Amuḍin mačči kan ɣef bu-učamar-a i d-yettaru meɛna yura-d ula ɣef uxxam-nsen d ultma-s i d-yuɣalen d timnebrit, yessels-as aḥijab bessif yerna yebɣa ad tt-yefk bessif i yiwen akken n umeddakel-is ad tt-yernu d tameṭṭut tis snat, llan wid i d-yeqqaren d tis tlata.
Awadem-niḍen, d win-a yeqqaren tiwriqin-nni, ibennu-d taḥkayt n wungal-a. Deg yal tikkelt ideg ara d-iɣer ayen d-uran, ula d netta ad d-yaru ayen iwala, d tamuɣli, d awennit neɣ d azɣan.
Winna d-yeqqaren tiwriqin-nni; yettnaɣ d yiman-is ma yella ula d netta ad d-yaru ɣef yiman-is (taḥkayt-is) neɣ ad yeqqar kan tiwriqin-nni i as-d-tefka Ṭawes. Γef waya ara naf tuɣalin n wawal taɣuri deg yal tikkelt maca ur nettaf ara aṭas n yisallen ɣef uwadem-a d-ijemɛen tiwriqin.
Γer yidis n yiwudam-a, llan yiwudam-niḍen i d-yettwabedren s tewzel kan; am baba-s n umuḍin, yemma-s d gma-s ameẓẓyan i irezzun fell-as ɣer sbiṭar, d yemma-s n ṭṭbib i yenɣan iman-is deg uxxam-nsen aqdim…
Isental n wungal :
Aṭas n yisental i yellan, gar-asen igejdanen am wi:
- Amennuɣ n umdan akked tmetti.
- Asenqed n tesnakta n wat cnawi igenni.
- Azɣan n tmetti d tjaddit d wansayen d lemtul si nettzuxxu.
- Leḥmala tamxaleft (gar umuḍin akked Ṭawes)
Llan wiyaḍ am :
- Taẓuri
- Tmentilt n tlawin (am uḥettem n lḥijab d zzwaǧ, ayɣer i rran nnif-nsen gar yiḍarren-is…)
- Wid ur nesɛi imawlan neɣ wid d-teǧǧa tɣalaḍt (akken i asen-tsemma tmetti),…
Isental yellan deg wungal-a, xas uwin-d ɣef tmetti d wayen yettidir umdan yal ass meɛna mačči s wudem-nni amensay i nennum deg waṭas n wungalen, yerna-as ugar n ccbaḥa imi t-yeqqen ɣer tebsikulujit, taẓuri akked waṭas n taɣulin-niḍen.
Muḥend Akli yessexdem amawal n yal ass ( lexique famillier); ad t-naf akk deg teɣzi n wungal, yella umawal umi nettsemmi (n lɛib; amawal ur nessexdam ara ɛinani – (lexique vulgaire) ad t-naf deg wayen i as-d-yettaru umuḍin i Ṭawes (tinna iḥemmel) neɣ ayen i as-d-teqqar nettat seg yiḍrisen yellan dinna.
Deg umawal-a, yella : Amawal amziki (archaïque), Amawal n tsekla, Ireṭṭalen utlayanen, Tasnulfawalt d umawal n tiknulujit.
Greɣ tamawt mass Salḥi, d yiwen i yessnen ad yurar s wawalen (yessen ad ten-yessexdem akken iwata) akken ad d-yessenfali tiktiwin-is tilqayanin ɣef yisental akk i d-yuwi deg wungal-a.
Tugniwin n uɣanib :
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Tugniwin n uɣanib yeqqnen ɣer talɣa, ṣṣda:
- Allus n wawalen : tiṭ, illeḍ, tamuɣli, timmist, tadist, zelmeḍ, yeffus, tawriqt, tiwriqin, …
- Allus n umqim «nekk», MD seg yisebtar [32/33]
- Aknawen: Acekkuḥ, acebbub, aceččuy, amzur [Sb.122]
- Turart s yimqimen ilelliyen s wudem icebḥen: nekk, netta, nekkni, nutni, wiyeḍ…
«Acu-t wass-nni … ḥulfaɣ deg yiman-iw d amruri skud d taɣuri kan i qqareɣ. »Nekk« , ur yettili d « nekk n tidet », xersum akken i t-sarmeɣ, ma yezga iteddu kan d « netta » neɣ d « wiyeḍ« , am uydi-nni n umeksa, iteddu kan d ubrid i yebɣa umeksa, d netta i as-yemmalen amek ara d-yerr lmal itteffɣen abrid. « Nekk d Netta« , yettuɣal d « nekkni« . Yezga « Netta » yettaṭṭaf-iyi afus, yal tikkelt amek. « Netta« , yettbeddil udem; iεemmed ɣef wannect-nni. Tikkelt d amaru, tikkelt d amsawal, tikkelt d awadem, tikkelt d taɣect kan, d awal kan, am truḥanit. « Nekk« , iṭṭafar-iten am yiɣid i yesselqaḍ umeksa… » [Sb. 34-35]
- Inemgalen (tikkwal d awalen tikkwal d tifyar): tiṭ, illeḍ / tissin d tuɣalin / usiɣ, uɣaleɣ/ takatut, tatut / tafrara, tameddit / tasebḥit, tameddit / tazwara, taggara / temẓi, tewser / tudert, aẓekka / yettiẓid, yettirẓig / ttemwexxaren, ttemyejbaden / icemmet tidet, icebbeḥ tikerkas (mazal aṭas niḍen, wigini d ciṭ n umedya kan)
- Awalen yemṣadan deg wanya : MD. Targa/ tirga “Kkreɣ ddiɣ d terga ineǧren: seg terga ɣer tirga” [Sb.22]/ “Akud yettɛedday; nekk qqimeɣ gar tuzzmiwin d tujjmiwin” [Sb.24]
- Aɣanib udyiz : MD. “ggten yicewwiqen, nettallem-iten deg wanyaten ẓẓayen n udekker ɣef wayen neqqen yifassen-nneɣ. Asmiṭṭew d iḥumal, tiẓilla d izumal m ddeɛwat d urawen ur nettfakka. Akka i d tajaddit-nneɣ, deg-s amdan d aɛeggal kan. Timetti-nneɣ, tettekkes tilelli i yiɛeggalen-is; tettaggad-iten. Seg wakken tettaggad-iten, tessekcam tannumi di tikli-nsen; ansay d abrid-nsen, leryuf d isennanen”. [Sb.58]
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Tugniwin n uɣanib yeqqnen ɣer unamek:
Aṭas ara naf deg wungal-a, tikkwal ameskar yesseḍfar tugna deffir tayeḍ (ruḥent amzun d azrar neɣ d snesla) yakkan takanit d tenɣumnayt d tugniwin-niḍen.
Amyeḍres (intertextualite): uqbel ad d-iniɣ d acu-t umyeḍres yellan deg wungal-a; ad d-ssegziɣ qbel tamiḍrant (notion)-a «d assaɣ yezdin sin n yiḍrisen n tsekla neɣ ugar, yiwen yuwi-d seg wayeḍ. Yezmer yiwen n uḍris ad d-iwehhi ɣer uḍris-niḍen neɣ ɣer umaru-s mebla ma yebder-it-id ɛinani…»[seg Usegzawal ameẓẓyan n tsekla, Salḥi Muḥend Akli, Sb. 35]
Ad naf ameskar yebder-d izewlen n kra n wungalen, MD.
- Iẓuran n tagut sin yiberdan, [Sb. 25 d usebter 68] akked Tafrara [Sb. 148] –Iɣil d wefru [Sb.104] wigi d izewlen n umaru Salem Zenia.
- Bururu [Sb.104] n Ṭaher Uld Ɛmer.
- Iḍ d wass [Sb.104] n Ɛmer Mezdad.
Ticraḍ n tsekla timawit, ad naf:
- Inzan: win yuwi wasif yettaṭṭaf ula deg usennan/ ad truḥeḍ am tedla yečča yilef/ I yuɣen irgazen ur ttrun… (wigini d amedya n kra n yinzan i yessexdem umeskar daxel n wungal-is)
Ismawen n yiwudam n tmucuha: tamẓa, lɣula, awaɣezniw, tteryel, Mqidec, aɛeqqa yessawalen, Ɛmer azgen, bu tkercet, Belɛejjuḍ, Silyuna, talafsa mm-sebɛa yiqerray… [wigi daɣ nezmer ad ten-neḥseb d amyeḍres gar tsekla timawit d tsekla yettwarun].
Yettkemmil.
