Γas ulamma Faḍma At Mensuṛ Ɛemruc tekkers-as i « Histoire de ma vie » deg unebdu n 1946, yeffeɣ-d ɣer tezrigin Maspero, deg useggas 1968. D mmis, Jean Muhoub i yesutren deg-s ad taru ɣef tudert-is. 56 n yiseggasen mbaɛd, « Histoire de ma vie » yuɣal d « Tudert-iw », iɛiwed-d talalit s teqbaylit ɣer tezrigin Koukou. Win t-id-yerran ɣer tutlayt n yiḥulfan akked lejwareḥ n Faḍma d Ahmed Ait Bachir. Ulamek yezgel wergaz-a « Tudert-iw », imi mačči kan d taqbaylit iyessen : ula d netta yedder acemma si lḥif n tudert. Atan ihi slem(t)-as yerra-d ɣef kra n yisteqsiyen n Tangalt.
Tangalt : Γas ulamma tettwasneḍ deg wannar n umennuɣ ɣef tutlayt d yidles s umata, aṭas, ladɣa ilmeẓyen, snen-k s « Tid n Buḥa » tezuzureḍ deg usebtar-inek n facebook. Ihi, asteqsi aklasiki : anwa-t Ahmed Ait Bachir ?
Ahmed Ait Bachir : Iceba-yi Rebbi yewεar-as i wemdan ad d-yemeslay ɣef yiman-is, maεna ad εerḍeɣ s tewzel kan ad k-d-inniɣ kra n wawalen.
Luleɣ deg useggas n 1953 di taddart Nat-Lbacir di Lεarc Nat-Yettureɣ di temnaṭ n Micli. Aseggas kan seg-mi luleɣ, tenddeh lgira n Lzzayer, baba yeffeɣ ɣer lmaki. Sin n yiseggasen mbeεd yemmut, uffiɣ-d iman-iw d agujil am waṭas n warrac n taddart. Fiḥel ma ḥkiɣ-d ɣef lbatel d lḥif i nesεedda di tallit-nni.
Tefra lgira, nekcem di lḥif nniḍen. Kecmeɣ ar uɣerbaz di lεemer-iw tnac iseggasen d wezgen. Aɣerbaz yettak-iyi iwayeḍ, alami i d-ufiɣ iman-iw di Le Collège Technique de Boufarik. Di l’internat, llan ddeqs n warrac Iqbayliyen, deg-sen aṭas seg temnaṭ n Sidi-Σic. Gar-asen yella yiwen d ameltaɣ (adhérant) di Tkadimit n Wegraw Imaziɣen yellan di Lpari. Yesseslemad-aɣ agemmay n tifinaɣ s tufra. Yewwet alami i yesiki kra deg-nneɣ ɣer tkadimit n Lpari. Syina kecmeɣ ɣer l’Institut des Tarvaux Publics n Lqquba di Lzzayer tamanaɣt. Dina diɣ uffiɣ inelmaden yettnaɣen ɣef yidles Amaziɣ.
Xedmeɣ cwiṭ di yiwet n tkubbanit di Lzzayer tamanaɣt, ssyina ruḥeɣ-d ar Tizi-Wezu xedmeɣ di La direction de de l’infrastructure et de l’équipement (DUCH n tura). Kra n wagguren kan ruḥeɣ ɣer Wergla. Xedmeɣ tleta n yiseggasen, uɣaleɣ-d diɣ ar yiwet n tkubbanit di Tizi-Wezu. Syin akkin, uɣaleɣ xeddmeɣ ar yiman-iw.
S kra n wandda ɣriɣ neɣ sanda xedmeɣ, mlaleɣ-d imeɣnasen yettnaɣen ɣef yidles. Di tefsut n tmanyin, qqedceɣ s wayen i wumi zemreɣ. 1985 tewweḍ-d taluft n Temɣunt n izarfan n wumdan (Ligue des Droits d l’Homme) akked Tiddukla n warraw n Yemjuhad. Di taluft-a, diɣ qqedceɣ, εawneɣ akken zemreɣ. Deg seggas n 1989, lliɣ gar wid i d-yesnulfan Agraw Adelsan n Yedles RCD, lliɣ d aselway amezwaru n useqqamu n temnaṭ n Tizi-Wezu. Deg-useggas n 1991, akked kra n imeɣnasen, neffeɣ-d di le RCD. Neqqim nqeddec bara ikabaren, alami i d-yewweḍ le boycott scolaire, dina daɣen neffka-d tallalt. Deg useggas n 2001, tenddeh tefsut taberkant, akked d kra n yemddukal imeɣnasen neqdec amur-nneɣ. Nerna nesnulfa-d Amusssu n Timanit n Tmurt Leqbayel. Deg useggas n 2010 asmi i d-yenulfa le GPK, ffɣeɣ-d deg umussu n lMAK. Daɣen, akked d kra n imeɣnasen nesnulfa-d Agraw i tmurt n Leqbayel. Ywweḍ-d lḥirak, tedda tmurt d acu i tedda, tuɣal tekcem di leḥris, ladɣa Tamurt n Leqbayel. Ddeqs n yimeɣnasen kecmen ɣer lḥebs, ddeqs nniḍen ufan-d iman-nnsen d iɣriben d imenfiyen ara ass-a.
« Histoire de ma vie » n Faḍma At Mansur akked « Le fils du pauvre », Mouloud Feraoun, ɣas ulamma uran s tefransisit d sin yidlisen d-yesbegnen rruḥ n Tmurt n Leqbayel di tallit-nni ideg ttwuran. Ass-a, keččini terriḍ-d Faḍma ɣer tutlayt-is, s axxam-s. Amek d ak-d-tusa tikti n tsuqqilt n « Histoire de vie » ?
S tidet, “Histoire de ma vie” n Faḍma At-Mensur/Σemruc akked “le fils du pauvre” n Mulud Feraεun, d sin yedlisen yuran s tefransist. D acu, mi ara ten-nenɣer a nwali dakken ttbanen-d bnan s teqbaylit. D sin yedlisen i d-ibegnen lḥif i tettidir Tmurt n Leqbayel di tallit-nni. D acu ara k-iεeǧben diɣen, sin n yimyura-agi, frurxen-d seg yiwet n taddart, Tizi-Hibel di Lεarc Nat-Dwala. Γas ddeqs n wakkud i yekkan gar-asen, tikti yiwet.
“Histoire de ma vie”, d adlis i ɣriɣ εawdeɣ ɣriɣ-t am waṭas n yeqbayliyen acḥal n tikkal. Yal mi ara teɣreɣ, as tinniḍ d tikkelt tamezwarut i teɣriɣ, ttciriweɣ, ttḥulfuɣ s lhif d lbatel i iεeddan ɣef Faḍma d yemma-s Σini. Yiwen wass lliɣ deg lbiru n umddakel-iw Σmar Aεrab (Réalisateur) di Montreuil, netta yettaru yiwen usinaryu, nekk uffiɣ yiwen uttafttar akken yeččur timucuha, d aqdim, annect-ilat. Ddmeɣ-t-id, ttεawadeɣ tira i kra n tmucuha, axaṭar yura s tira-nni taqdimt. Σmar yeččur d idlisen. Yiwen wass ttnadiɣ deg idlisen-nni-ines, ɣliɣ-d ɣef wedlis-a n “Histoire de ma vie”. Ddmeɣ-t-id, rriɣ timucuha-nni di rrif, nniɣ-as ad εarḍeɣ ad t-id-suqleɣ ɣer Teqbaylit. Suqleɣ-d kra n isebtar, nniɣ-as i Σmar d acu i twaleḍ di tsuqilt-a, yeɣra-d ayen akken i yuriɣ, yenna-yid : “ Tucḍiwin di tira mačči d kra, ma Taqbaylit telha. Kemmel-as, tucḍiwin sehlent, ad tent-nesseɣti.” Dɣa truḥ akka. Syin akkin ɣlint-d fell-i kra txessarin, dɣa rriɣ tasuqilt-a di rrif, alami d tikkelt-a yewweḍ-d lwaεd-is.
Mi d as-tekreḍ i « Tudert-iw » d acu i d-ak-iweɛren di tsuqqilt : d amawal, d rruḥ n teqbaylit…. ?
“Histoire de ma vie”, i wumi semmaɣ di tsuqil-iw Tudert-iw, ɣur-i tebḍa ɣef sin yeḥricen. Aḥric amezwaru d tudert n Faḍma d yemma-s Σini di taddart, di Tmurt Leqbayel, aḥric wis sin d tudert n Faḍma akked twacult-is di Tunes, andda tedder azal n rebεin iseggasen. Ayen akk tedder Faḍma di taddart, di Tmurt n Leqbayel, ak d-inniɣ tidet, ur d mmugreɣ ara akk uguren. Axaṭar kkreɣ-d di taddart, ssneɣ lḥif n tudrin, lḥif i sεeddant tlawin Tiqbayliyin. Tudert n Faḍma di Tunes, d ayen nniḍen, tudert n temdint “la vie citadine”, dina ttnadiɣ deg imawalen, am Umawal n Da Lmulud, Amawal n Tmaziɣt n Muhend Akli Heddadu, Asegzawal n J-M, Dallet. Ad s-nerreɣ tajmilt meqqren i yergazen-a imeqqranen, ad sgunfun di talwit, iḥun ǧǧan-aɣ-d igerrujen-agi.
Ahat, anda akka i tella, Faḍma At Mansur tettwali-d akk ayen i ideṛun. D acu ara s-tiniḍ ? D acu tebɣiḍ ad ak-d-ini ?
Γur-i, ur sεiɣ ara ccek, wid i ɣ-yeǧǧan ttwalin-d deg-nneɣ. Ruḥeɣ snat n tikkal ẓureɣ-d aẓekka n Faḍma. Tikkelt tanegarut ussan-a akka yezrin, iεerḍ-iyi-d “Le Réseau Culturel Franco-Berbère”, ddiɣ yid-sen ɣer la Bretagne, rran-as tajmilt. Abrid-a tedda Sophie, yelli-s n mmi-s René/Malek yewwḍen laεfu Rebbi deg useggas n 1995. Teɣra-d asefru iyi d-tefka d tazwert i tsuqilt-a. Teɣra-t-id s imeṭtawen d usnexfet. Nekk qqareɣ-d, Iεemrucen sεan tamedyazt deg idamen-nnsen. Ulac ccek, Faḍma tettwali-d akk ayen i iḍerrun dina, tefreḥ s yelli-s n mmi-s, imi tikkelt tamezwarut i d-tusa ad tt-tzur. Tenna-yi-d: “Tanemmirt, imi iyi d-tewwiḍ Sophie yelli-s n mmi Malek, walaɣ-tt.” Nekk, nniɣ-as: “Hatan a Nna Faḍma, ayen akken turiḍ ɣef tudert-im s tefransist, rriɣ-t-id ɣer Teqbaylit, ar tnaṣlit-is, am wakken i tt-txemmeḍ.
Akken twalaḍ, taggara-a teḥres teswiɛt ɣef widen i iteddun ar sdat (Tizrigin Koukou, Rreḥba n udlis amazigh n at wasif, asizdeg n SILA…). Ɣas akken, idlisen n tmaziɣt, s tmaziɣt tefɣen-d. Amek i d ak-d-ttban tsekla-agi i d-inefgen ?
Γef wakka i ttwaliɣ, adabu amharsan, yebɣa ad yemḥu akk isem n yidles Amaziɣ di Lzzayer, ladɣa di tmurt n Leqbayel. Adabu-yagi, ur yeḥṣi ara, dakken skud iḥerres yesexdam lbatel, imeɣnasen, imyura, inaẓuren, tidukliwin … saεun tabɣest i leqdic, ssuffuɣen-d idlisen, ticeqqufin n umezgun, les CD … Adabu, teḍra yid-s am akken i s-yenna Géneral Giap : “Le colonialisme est un mauvais élève, il n’apprend pas ses leçons!” Diɣ netta, adabu azzayri, ur yelmid-ara timesirin-is. Kra n tegnitt ad yefk lwi, ad s-tinniḍ tikkelt-a waqila dayen yebra i ttbel deg waman. Cwiṭ kan, atan yuɣal ar tidak-is, akka am tura, yeččur leḥbas s imeɣnasen, ineɣmasen, d wiyaḍ akk… Lḥers yesexdem ussan-a ɣef Tezrigin n Koukou akked Rreḥba n udlis Nat-Wasif, d waṭas n Rreḥbat n yidlisen nniḍen, dayen ur iqebbel laεqel. Tajmilt tameqqrant i yimḍebren n Rreḥba n udlis Nat-Wasif yellan ɣer yid-is n Tezrigin n Koukou. Γas ẓran dakken imahet Rreḥba-nnsen ad ttebtel i lebda, tabɣest meqqren, tanemmirt.
Neẓra belli telhiḍ-d s uheyyi n « Tid n Buḥa ». Milmi ara d-yeffeɣ ar ssuq ? Mebla cekk, yella wayen ara t-id-iḍefren.
Tid-ak n Buḥu d tiyaḍ, s tidet, ddeqs n yemddukal d wid i tent-yeṭafaren di facebook, qqaren-iyi-d ilaq ad tent-id sufɣeḍ d adlis. Ihi, atan uɣeɣ-asen awal, segment, heggant akk, tura ad nwali akked Tezrigin n Koukou melmi i ilaq ad d-fɣent. Mazal llan daɣen kra n yedlisen, wejden heggan, ladɣa sin n yedlisen i warrac imecṭaḥ.
Tangalt tenced-ik-d ad d-teniḍ ayen tebɣiḍ :
Tezṛiḍ, yiwen zman akken, yeqḍaε deg-i usirem, nniɣ-as dayen, idles agi-nneɣ ad yenger. Ulac imyura, ulac ticennayin d icennayen… ara yeṭṭfen nnuba n yeqburen yettruḥun yiwen yiwen. Cwiṭ kan, alami ttwaliɣ ticennayin d icennayen tefɣen-d di teɣrast am tzizwa. Yal ta d yal wa, d acu id yesufeɣ s tuɣac zadent maḍi. Imyura daɣen sufuɣen-d idlisen, tisuqilin, tamedyazt, isura, imawalen… s imeyyaten. Dɣa deg-mi i d-yerna useqel n tmaziɣt di Google Traduction, nniɣ-as: “Dayen, idles-nneɣ werǧin ad yenger! Anef i udabu ad yesserwet, d ulaqrar yiwwas ad t-yawi wesyax, idles-nneɣ ad yeqqim i lebda!
Asmi i tera taddart n Tirwal tajmilt i Lḥaǧ Lmexttar, tebna-yas sebded (la statue), sḥasfeɣ nezzeh imi ulac-iyi dina. Seg wasmi i ɣriɣ ayen i d-yura fell-as Da Lmulud deg udlis-is « Isefra Iqbayliyen Iqburen, yuɣal-iyi d amedya (une référence).
Yesteqsa-t Tahar Ould Amar
