Deg uḥric wis 3 deg wayen i d-uriɣ ɣef temsalt n tɣuri di tsekla taqbaylit[1], kfiɣ awal s tmenna n tarrayt ilaqen deg usefhem n temsalt-agi. Tarrayat-agi, sbeddeɣ-tt ɣef yiwen n umenzay : ilaq ad inadi yiwen amek i yettnerni urmud n tɣuri s teqbaylit deg umezruy. Ittusemma, d akala-nni amazray n tɣuri i yesɛan azal ameqqran ; mačči d tamsalt n wacḥal i yeqqaren tasekla yuran s teqbaylit. Wissen ma yezmer yiwen ad d-yini acḥal i yeqqaren.
Tagnit n wass-a, ur umineɣ nezmer i wannect-a, la ɣef teqbaylit, la ɣef tutlayin nniḍen, acku ur llin wallalen swayes ara d-yerr yiwen ɣef usteqsi-agi. Acuɣer ? Aṭas n ssebbat. Gar-asent :
- Tamkarḍit taɣelnawt (bibliothèque Nationale), acḥal aseggas aya ur d-tessewjed adriraw aɣelnaw (bibliographie courante). Wagi d umuɣ n wayen i d-yettefɣen d idlisen ; d adriraw i d-ijemɛen ayen akk i d-yettefɣen d adlis ɣef/di tmurt ; ilaq ad d-iteffeɣ yal aggur.
- Amur ameqqran n tɣiwanin di tmurt n leqbayel (d tamiwin nniḍen), ur sɛint ara timkarḍiyin. Ma llant, ya medlen tewwura-nsent, ya ur d-ttaɣent ara idlisen. Ula d ameẓlu n udlis (service du livre), ɣas yella di tɣessa taḍeblant n tɣiwant (structure administrative de la commune), ulac-it di tilawt.
- Ar ass-a, ur telli tsestant ɣef tɣuri, la deg temkarḍiyin tizuyaz (bibliothèques publiques), la deg temkayḍiyin tuzzigin (bibliothèques spécialisées).
- Ar ass-a, ur yili unadi, la di tesdawit la anda nniḍen, ɣef temsalt n wid yeqqaren d wacu i qqaren d wamek i qqaren.
Amek, deg tegnatin yecban tigi, ad d-yini yiwen acḥal yeqqaren s teqbaylit (neɣ s tutlayin nniḍen) ? Iban-iyi yelha ma iḥezzeb yiwen neɣ, ma yeɛna tamsalt, ad tt-yesbedd ɣef tgejda iseḥḥan.
Akken ad yeɛreḍ yiwen ad yefhem tamsalt-agi, ilaq-as ad inadi isalan swayes ara yebnu tamuɣli-s. Isalan-agi, ad ten-yaf kan (xersum kra seg-sen) deg umezruy n yidles. Ɣef wayagi, yuwi-d fell-as ad iwali deg umezruy-agi melmi i bdan tteffaɣen-d yidlisen d wamek i d-yelḥa ufares n udlis deg umezruy. D annect-a ara t-yessiwḍen ad yeg assaɣ d tɣuri d yimeɣriyen. Acku ma ulac adlis, ulac taɣuri. Tin yernan ɣer-s, lamer ad nẓer amek i yettili udlis yuran s teqbaylit (s tmaziɣt sumata) di tmetti d ssuq d wamek-iten wassaɣen-ines ama d uselmed (deg uɣerbaz d tesdawit) ama d uẓayer (anmetti d usertan[2]) n tutlayt, ad nessiweḍ ad nefhem ugar tamsalt-agi n tɣuri.
Ma yesmekta-d yiwen amek i d-yedda deg umezruy udlis aseklan yuran s teqbaylit, ur yezmir ara ad yeqqim ur ittarra ddehn-is ɣer lehhu i ilehhu d wamek tettseggim liḥala-s skud izerri wakud, skud yettban-d cwiṭ cwiṭ usudes-ines (institutionnalisation) di tmetti. D tamuɣli kan tahrawant, nezmer ad nebḍu tallit tamirant (seg 1950 ar 2023) ɣef 3 n takkayin (étapes). Deg-sent, yezga yettbeddil unnar aseklan aqbayli. Gar yibeddilen-agi, talalit n umeɣri d unerni-ines, ɣas tignatin ideg yettnerni ur lhint aṭas.
Uqbel 1990 :
- Idlisen d yiḍrisen n teqbaylit, tteffaɣen-d kan di Fransa (Bulletin d’Etudes Berbère, Tisuraf, Imedyazen, Awal, Etudes et Documents berbères, Association Abrid-a, Les éditions berbères, Fédérop, atg.) neɣ di Fichier de Documentation Berbère (yuɣal d Fichier Périodique) n Yimrabḍen Irumiyen.
- Sumata wid yeqqaren idlisen-agi d yiḍrisen-agi d imeɣnasen d yimnadiyen, tuget deg wigi d isdawanen.
Seg tazwara n yiseggasen n 90 ar tlemmast n tɛecret tamenzut n 2000 :
- Ɣas akken, ttkemmilen yidlisen ttefɣen-d di lberrani (abeɛda di Fransa) am yidlisen n Salem Zeniya, n Ɛmer Uḥemza, n Lḥusin Yeḥya, n Yusef Aliwi d wiyeḍ, bdan ttefɣen-d yidlisen di Lezzayer. Imdeyaten, simmal ad d-nleḥḥu seg 1990 d asawen, simmal ṭṭuqquten : idlisen n Ɛmer Mezdad, n Ḥmed Nekkar, n Ɛli Makur, n Ḥamid Oubaɣa d imedyaten gar yidlisen wiyeḍ i d-yefɣen di tallit-agi.
- Tuget n yimeɣriyen di tallit-agi d imeɣnasen n tdukliwin, d inelmaden (imir, yebda uselmed di tesdawit d uɣerbaz). Rnu ɣur-sen wid ixeddmen inadiyen, aṭas deg-sen d isdawanen. Di tallit-a, bdant ttbinent-d tɣuriwin n yinelmaden di tesdawit.
Seg tlemmast n tɛecret tamenzut n 2000 ar ass-a :
- Di takkayt-agi, nnulfant-d ddeqs n yixxamen n usizreg : El Amel, Le savoir, Tira Editions, Editions Achab, Editions Tamagit, Editions Asirem, Editions Atfalouna, Editions Imtidad, Editions Imru, Editions Bousekkine, Editions Chikh Mohand Oulhocine, Editions Artplume, Editions Talsa, atg. Yessefk ad yernu yiwen ɣer tezrigin-agi, tid n ddula am Enag d Anep. Si tama nniḍen, kra n tsudda n ddula, sufuɣent-d diɣen idlisen am tneɣlift n yidles d Useqqamu Unnig n timmuzɣa (wagi, yessuffeɣ-d ddeqs n yidlisen).
- Imeɣriyen :
- inelmaden (ikatayen n taggara n turagt / ikatayen n taggara n master)
- imnadiyen (inadiyen n duktura d yinadiyen di tesɣunin d yidlisen)
- imeɣriyen menwala : wid-nni akk yeqqaren idlisen (abeɛda ungalen) ur yelli yiswi-nsen yeqqen ɣer ugerdas neɣ ɣer usileɣ asdawan. Wigi, simmal ṭṭuqquten ; ttbanen-d sumata deg yiẓedwa inmettiyen (faysbuk).
Deg wayen yezrin akka, ɛerḍeɣ ad d-sekneɣ belli imeɣriyen simmal yettnerni umḍan-nsen (acku yella uselmed n tutlayt akken llan diɣen yidlisen), simmal ttbanent-d taggayin timaynutin (nouvelles catégories) n wid yeqqaren. Di tesdawit, seg 2015 d asawen, tuɣal tsekla tamirant, abeɛda ungal d tullist, qqaren-tt ddeq-s n yinelmaden, xeddmen fell-as ikatayen-nsen (mémoires). Lamer ad yeḥseb yiwen acḥal n yikatayen yettwaxedmen ɣef snat n tewsatin-agi, ad yewhem : yiwet seg umḍan-nsen, tis snat seg unerni i ttnernin simmal nettqerrib-d ɣer wass-a. Ass yecban ass-a, tuɣal tsekla tatrart (ungal, tullist, amezgun, ammuden n tmedyazt, timucuha yuran) teṭṭef amur ameqqran deg yikatayen, di yal tasdawit (Bgayet, Tizi-wezzu, Tubiret). Tin yernan ɣer-s, ula deg unadi ussnan, aṭas n yinadiyen ɣef tewsatin-agi timaynutin. Tayeḍnin, deg takkayt-agi taneggarut, yebda uzɣan yettaṭṭaf amkan cwiṭ cwiṭ deg yidles ; wagi nezmer ad t-nwali deg yiɣmisen (Iẓuran, La Dépêche de Kabylie, L’expression, atg.), deg faysbuk (llan yisebtar ttwasnen s wannect-a) d tesɣunin am Tesɣunt Tangalt (aseggas ayagi, teddun deg-s yiḍrisen ɣef wungalen).
Taggara n wawal : abrid i d-ḍefreɣ dagi akken ad sfehmeɣ tamsalt n tɣuri s teqbaylit, yebded ɣef umenzay n umezruy (principe historique) d ukala (processus) i d-yefkan imeɣriyen di temhazt n tsekla (évolution de la littérature). Seg wayen yettwannan ufella, ad yefhem yiwen belli taɣuri teqqen s anerni d temhazt n tsekla. Tin yernan ɣer-s, simmal ttilin yimeɣriyen. Annect-a yegla-d yis-s uselmed d uẓayer ilehhun n tutlayt di tmetti d tsertit. Akka imir-a, imeɣriyen yellan, nezmer ad ten-semmi : d iselmaden n tmaziɣt, d imura s timmad-nsen, d imsezɣanen (ɣas drus deg-sen), d isdawanen (ɣas kra deg-sen rran tasekla taqbaylit d ammud kan i teẓriwin tiseklanin). Yessefk ad nernu ɣer wigi imeɣriyen yeqqaren kan acku bɣan ad ɣren (yiwen ur yeẓri d acu-ten). Wigi, tineggura-agi, ttnernin yerna ttimɣur.
Taneggarut : zik, wid yeqqaren s teqbaylit, llan qbel d imeɣriyen s tutlayin nniḍen (abeɛba s tefransist). Ass yecban ass-a, nnulfan-d yimeɣriyen qqaren qbel s teqbaylit syin akkin rennun s tutlayin nniḍen. Wigi, am yimezwura, i ten-id-yefkan d timeɣnest, d aselmed, d tayri n tsekla. Taneqqiḍt-agi, tuklal ma nerra ddehn-nneɣ ɣur-s.
Zemreɣ diɣen ad d-iniɣ : akken ur d-tettban tsekla taqbaylit di ssuq adelsan, ur d-ttbanen ula d imeɣriyen-is. Annect-a, d tamsalt n unnar aseklan deg wadeg aɣelnaw n yidles (une question de visibilité dans l’espace culturel national). Asuddes aseklan iḍerru cwiṭ cwiṭ (l’institutionnalisation littéraire est lente). Ma d tamsalt n wacḥal yeqqaren tasekla taqbaylit, nekk ad d-iniɣ simmal ttilin wid yimeɣriyen ; amḍan-nsen, yettimɣur yerna ilehhu seg useggas ɣer wayeḍ. Annect-a, d amezruy i t-id-yeqqaren.
Muḥend Akli Salḥi
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[1] Yezmer ad yuɣal umeɣri ɣer 3 n yiḥricen nniḍen, ad ten-yaf dagi di tesɣunt Tangalt.
[2] Statut (social et politique)
