Deg sin n yimalas yezrin, nuwi-d awal ɣef uzɣan aseklan. Deg wayen yezrin, nmeslay-d ɣef twuri (fonction) n tsekla (i wumi-tt tsekla ?) d twuri n uzɣan (i wumi-t uzɣan ?). Nenna-d : akken i tella tsekla d lebni n unamek ɣef umdan, ɣef ddunit, ɣef tudert i yella diɣen uzɣan d anamek ɣef tsekla d tudert n umdan. Tin yernan ɣer-s, nenna-d : akken ur yettili uzɣan d rray kan (yal yiwen ad yeckenṭeḍ deg wayen yettwali d wamek i t-yettwali !), ur ilaq ad yili uzɣan d acekker (kan akka) ur ilaq ad yili d reggmat (kan akka), ɣas ma yella tumast n uzɣan (l’essence de la critique) d timenna n wayen yelhan d wayen ur nelhi. Akken ad yili uzɣan iwulem, issefk ɣef umsezɣan ad yebnu inaw-ines ɣef usfukel d tmesɣara (argumentation et objectivité).
Azɣan yelhan d azɣan i yettawḍen ad yeẓli aḍris (amxalef) ɣef yiḍrisen nniḍen ; azɣan ibennun d azɣan yeggaren assaɣ gar yiḍrisen, d azɣan yemmalen azal n uḍris gar yiḍrisen nniḍen. Ittusemma, akken ad yili wannect-a akk, ilaq ɣef umsezɣan ad iwehhi ddehn-is ɣer wayagi. Ɣef wannect-a, isteqsiyen am wigi ara d-iḍefren sɛan azal d ameqqran : Anwa i yessefken ad isezɣen iḍrisen ? Amek i yessefk ad yili umsezɣan ? Amek-it waddud yelhan n umsezɣan ?
Ɣas amsezɣan ur d amdan menwala, ɣas ur yelli d ameɣri menwala, yezmer yal yiwen deg-neɣ ad yuɣal d amsezɣan. Wagi d amenzay alsan (principe humain). D acu kan, akken ad yili umdan/umeɣri d amsezɣan, yessefk fell-as ad yeḍmen i yiman-is idles i as-ilaqen akken ad yemmeslay ɣef yidlisen d tsekla (neɣ tẓuriwin nniḍen).
Amsezɣan ur d amdan menwala acku amsezɣan ilaq-as ad yili d bab yidles yettimɣuren ; ur yettɣimi ara kan deg yiwen n taɣult (d tasekla kan, d taklut kan, d aẓawan kan, d taẓuri kan s umata). Tasekla, akken tga d asenfali n ddunit d tudert i tella d asnulfu d ddunit d tudert. Ittusemma, yessefk ɣef umsezɣan ad yefk i yiman-is ayen s wayes ara iqabel annect-a. Tayeḍ : amsezɣan ur d ameɣri kan (menwala) acku deg usezɣen n udlis (d ungal neɣ d ayen nniḍen), ilaq-as i umsezɣan ad yissin iḍrisen nniḍen, ama d wid ikecmen deg umezruy ama d wid yellan d imiranen n udlis-nni i yeqqar (neɣ i yeɣra). Akken ad yaweḍ ad yeẓli (distinguer) aḍris, ilaq ad iẓer amek gan yiḍrisen wiyeḍ.
Azal n uḍris, ha-t deg krad (03) n yiswiren. Aswir amenzu d azal n uḍris deg yiman-is (valeur intrinsèque), di tfulka-s (esthétique), deg tɣessa-s (structure), deg usenfali-s (expression), atg. Aswir wis sin d azal n uḍris gar yiḍrisen wiyeḍ yellan di tallit-is : d azal ara yesɛu uḍris mi ara t-ikenni umsezɣan ɣer wiyeḍ (valeur comparative). Azal wis kraḍ d azal amazray (valeur historique), wagi d azal ara as-yefk umsezɣan i uḍris mi ara t-yerr deg ukala amazray n tsekla (processus historique de la littérature), ad inadi ɣef wayen i d-yegla uḍris-nni d amaynut d wamek i as-ibeddel tikli i ukala-nni. Annect-agi akk, tlaq-as tmussni tameqqrant.
Anwa izemren ad yili amsezɣan ihi ? Kra qqaren : « ilaq ad yili d asdawan ». Nekk, ad iniɣ ur ittuḥettem ara ad yili umsezɣan d asdawan, ɣas ma yella isdawanen sɛan allalen s wayes ara qablen tamsalt n uzɣan. Acḥal n yimsezɣanen deg umaḍal ur llin d isdawanen… yerna d imeɣriyen imsezɣanen imeqqranen, ttarun ɣef wayen ɣran ; ttwassnen di taɣult n uzɣan. Tin yernan ɣer-s, aṭas n yimsezɣanen d ineɣmasen… d tira-nsen di tɣamsa i ten-yerran d imsezɣanen imeqqranen. Taneggarut (yerna tagi ɣur-neɣ am yiṭij deg uzal qayli), aṭas n yisdawenen i ixeddmen aslaḍ n tsekla ma d imsezɣanen drus maḍi.
Muḥend Akli Salḥi
