TIBRATIN. Anyaten-nni n tsusmid ungal yebnan s tebratin (roman épistolaire s tefransist). Ad naf deg-s tlata teḥkayin tigejdanin n kraḍ n yiwudam;
Awadem amezwaru, d Bu-tedmi ixerben. D netta i yuran tibratin-agi i Ṭawes Bu-tedmi-agi ixerben, d yiwen n uselmad deg tesdawit. Yebɣa ad ixdem tazrawt dɣa yeqsed mass D.C akken ad yili yid-s d amesnil n unadi-ines “amek ttafen yimdanen iman-nsen yerna ur sɛin allalen n tudert i nesɛa nekkni”; msefhamen ad yexdem tarist ɣef yigduden yettidiren deg yimukan iweɛren am yidurar n Nipal d yigelmimen n Landucin d tneẓrufin n Tefriqt… Asentel msefhamen fell-as maca agdud akked wadeg mazal. D taseddart n usefru n Yimucaɣ i iɛellqen ɣef uɣrab lbiru n mass D.C i t-yeǧǧan ad d-yaf tamurt ilaqen; d taneẓruft.
Asenked n wungal
TIBRATIN. Anyaten-nni n tsusmi… D tudert, Muḥend Akli Salḥi, Tiẓrigin Imtidad, Lezzayer tamanaɣt, yennayer 2024. Ungal yesεa 154 yisebtar. Deg-s 15 n tebratin; tabrat tamecṭuḥt, tesɛa 4 n yisebtar; taɣezzfant 17 n yisebtar.
Asenked n umeskar
Muḥend Akli Salḥi, d amsezɣan aseklan. D aselmad, anagmay n tsekla deg ugezdu n tmaziɣt (tasdawit n Tizi Wezzu). Yekfa ddukṭura deg 2007. Yesɛa l’Habilitation deg 2011. Gar wayen yura yakan d idlise :
- Etudes de littérature kabyle (Enag, 2011)
- Poésie traditionnelle féminine de Kabylie. Types et textes (Enag, 2011)
- Asegzawal ameẓẓyan n tsekla (L’Odyssée, 2012, 2017)
- Kra n tsura i tɣuri n tsekla. ɣef tsekla d tɣuri (Tira, 2015)
- Kra n tsura i tɣuri n tsekla. 2. ɣef tneqqist d yisefra (Tira, 2015)
- Littérature kabyle. Context, poétique et enseignement (Achab, 2019)
- Ungal tiṭ d yilleḍ. Ayen i d-qqarent tewriqin (yuwi arraz ameqqran n Asya Ǧebbar deg 2022)
Tamawt : deg tazwara, ad d-iniɣ belli taɣuri-inu d taɣuri taseklant yeqqnen ɣer taɣlaft, azwel, amawal, iwudam, adeg, akud, tatiknikt d umcubbak, d taɣuri tasentalant akked tmesɣanibt. Iswi n tɣuri-agi-inu d tikci n kra n tsura i yimeɣriyen akken ad gzun ungal-a.
Taɣlaft n wungal-a
Tugna n wungal, ad tt-naf ddaw n uzwel. D tugna n wadeg i d-yeskanayen tiniri lqaɛa tessa s yijdi awraɣ, igenni d awraɣ yettban-d iluɣ s rrmel tettawi tɛeǧǧaǧt yellan ɣef tama tazalmaḍt n tugna-a. Ɣer tama n wadda ad nwali kraḍet n tebratin: snat-nni n tebratin n leryuf medlent, yiwet deg tlemmast teldi. Deg tebrat-nni yeldin, tettban-d twerqet yettwarun s tira ur nettban ara (d ijerriden kan am yiḍerfan). Tesɛa n tewriqin-niḍen yettawi-tent waḍu; ufgent mebɛid tama tazelmaḍt n tbuciḍant-nni.
Tugna-agi, teqqen ar ugbur n wungal,
Tamezwarut d “tiniri” ungal yettales-d ɣef kraḍ n yiwudam i d–yufan iman-nsen deg tniri; wa yusa-d ar dinna s lebɣi-s, wa s tmara.
Tis snat d “tabuciḍant/ taɛeǧǧaǧt”, nezmer ad naf ama d abdar n tbuciḍant, neɣ d aglam-is. Aglam n tbuciḍant, ad t-naf deg usebter 136, imi ass amenzu n Bu-tedmi ixerben deg tniri, mi d-isubb seg tmesriffegt, yufa-d taɛeǧǧaǧt i d-yekkaten ɣer wudem dɣa iglem-itt-id. Deg usebret 82, yenna-d belli timlilit n Bu-tedmi ixerben akked Bu-wanyaten, d ass n n tbuciḍant “azekka-nni, d ass n temlilit… d ass n tbuciḍant…” dagi tabuciḍant teqqen ar tmedyezt i d-yettawi Bu-wanyaten. Awal “tabuciḍant” ad t-naf yettɛawad-d aṭas n yiberdan deg wungal-a, ad t-naf deg usebter 28, 48,54, 71, 82, 83, 85, 87, 117, 143, 144, 147 (tikkwal deg yiwen n usebter ad t-naf kraḍ yiberdan). Anamek n tbuciḍant deg yal tikkelt ad t-naf yettemxillif, tikkelt ad t-naf d azamul n urkad, tikkelt d azamul n uzḥald reffu, tikkelt d tabuciḍant yeqqnen ar ssda d leftil n wawalen n tmedyezt…
Tis kraḍet d “tibratin”, ungal-a, yebna s tebratin i yettazen Bu-tedmi ixerben i Ṭawes acku d Bu-wanyaten i as-yessutren ay-a. Ungal-a daɣ yeqqen ar tebratin yuzen Charles se Foucauld i llemm-is d tebratin i as-d-ttarran nutni.
Azwel
Deg wungal-a, ad naf azwel « TIBRATIN.Anyaten-nni n tsusmi… d tudert…”; d azwel yebḍan ɣef sin n yiḥricen:
Aḥric 1u : « TIBRATIN« , ɣas d azwel agejdan, d azgen n uzwel ; ad t-naf s tiɣmi tazewwaɣt, s yisekkilen imeqqranen, s tira tazurant yemgarad ɣef uzgen-nni wayeḍ n uzwel n wungal-a. TIBRATIN, d tibratin yura Bu-tedmi ixerben i Ṭawes akken t-iweṣṣa Bu-wanyaten, ad naf ay-a deg usebter 152 :
“D tidet kan ara am-iniɣ, a Ṭaw, xersum akken tt-walant wallen-iw […] uzneɣ-am-in ayen ilaqen ad yettwassen seg teḥkayin-nneɣ, d netta Bu-wanyaten-nni iyi-iweṣṣan ɣef wannect-a. Nekk, si tama-w, mi ara awḍeɣ ɣer tmurt-iw, mi ara d-ffɣeɣ seg temlellay n wayen ddreɣ d wayen ẓriɣ, ad wekkleɣ tiḥkayin-agi i yimru ad tent-id-yesbeɣ s lmidad uḥdiq akken kan ur tent-tettsawam ara tattalt n nnger neɣ ufus n uzaylal”.
Azwel-a daɣ “TIBRATIN”, yeqqen ar tebratin yettaru Charles de Foucauld i llemm-is d wayen i as-d-ttarran ula d nutni. Ay-a ad t-naf deg usebter 13 :
« Mačči d tudert-nni ara d-ḥkuɣ. Tinna : da, tuli, da, sulin-tt… […] Nekk ad d-ḥkuɣ tudert-isakken i tt-iwala netta… s timmad-is… akken i tt-id-yefser di tebratin i yuzen i llemm-is d wid ukkud d-yedda ar wakal-agi ideg tẓeqqef tudert neɣ εad i wid yuɣen amkan deg wul-is, kra seg-sen d at tmurt-agi i as-igan irebbi. Ur telli tidet nnig n tin ara d-yini bab-is […] »
Dagi ad naf kra seg tudert n Charles de Foucauld ama d ayen yellan deg yidlisen neɣ d ayen d-ttalsenyinelbaḍen i Bu-wanyaten, ula d Bu-wanyatenyules-itt-id i Bu-tedmi ixerben; Bu-tedmi ixerben yura-tt i Ṭawes deg tebratin-nni. Dagi ahat d awehhi ɣer tsekla timawit yettruḥun seg wa ar wa almi d asmi i d-yusa win tt-yuran.Deg usebter 30, ad naf :
« […] Akka i t-yura Bu-llebsa mellulen, deg yiwet seg tebratin-is. D Bu-wanyaten iyi-d-yennan annect-a. Netta, nnan-as-t-id yinelbaḍen i yemlal gar tgenturin n yijdi d tiyeḍ »
Aḥric wis 2: « Anyaten-nni n tsusmi… D tudert… » i yettwarun s tira tarqaqt, imalen, meẓẓiyet ɣef uzgen amezwaru n uzwel. « Anyaten n tsusmi… », d anyaten (rythmes) n tmedyezt i yettektili Bu-wanyaten mi ara yeqqar isefra-nni yufa deg udlis d-yuker i yiεessasen n lḥebs, yettektil-iten weḥd-s di tsusmi. «Anyaten n tsusmi… », d tanfalit d-yettalsen aṭas n yiberdan deg wungal. Tikkwal, ad naf “anyaten” weḥd-s, “tasusmi” weḥd-d, tikkwal ad ten-naf ddukklen akken d tanfalit. Ad d-bedreɣ kra n yimedyaten:
- “di tsusmi i refdent tdisa n wanyaten… tadist d aɣbalu n tudert”,30
- “Uɣalen-iyi wanyatend tijbirin i uluɣẓem yuwten tudert-iw” , 70-71
- “Tazwara, d tasusmi. Taggara, d tasusmi. Gar-asent d netta. […] Tafekka-s, seg wammas alma d ixef, tetteddu-as di lebɣi i wanya yettawin yettarra am tmejgagalt yeddewwiḥen…”, 85…
Deg tɣuri tamezwarut n uzwel n wungal-a, tira s uzewwaɣ tjebbed-d lwelha am wakken d izen i d-yettak umeskar i yimeɣri akken ad as-yefk ugar n wazal i « TEBRATIN »-nni. Dagi ilaq ad nerr lwelha-nneɣ : awal-a « TIBRATIN » yugar ula d tira n yisem n umeskar. Ma yella d tira-ni imalen, ad tt-naf tettuɣal-d ula daxel n wungal imi ad naf kra n tseddarin ttwarunt s tira imalen, mxallafent ɣef tseddarin-niḍen; ula d tira-a imalen d angal (code) si yezmer yiwen ad yeldi lbaḍna n wungla-a akken ad t-yegzu.Angal-agi, ad d-uɣaleɣ ɣur-s deg ugzul n wungal-a; ad t-id-segziɣ akken iwata.
Agzul
Ungal-a, d ungal yebnan s tebratin (roman epistolaire s tefransist). Ad naf deg-s tlata teḥkayin tigejdanin n kraḍ n yiwudam;
Awadem amezwaru, d Bu-tedmi ixerben. D netta i yuran tibratin-agi i Ṭawes Bu-tedmi-agi ixerben, d yiwen n uselmad deg tesdawit. Yebɣa ad ixdem tazrawt dɣa yeqsed mass D.C akken ad yili yid-s d amesnil n unadi-ines “amek ttafen yimdanen iman-nsen yerna ur sɛin allalen n tudert i nesɛa nekkni”; msefhamen ad yexdem tarist ɣef yigduden yettidiren deg yimukan iweɛren am yidurar n Nipal d yigelmimen n Landucin d tneẓrufin n Tefriqt… Asentel msefhamen fell-as maca agdud akked wadeg mazal. D taseddart n usefru n Yimucaɣ i iɛellqen ɣef uɣrab lbiru n mass D.C i t-yeǧǧan ad d-yaf tamurt ilaqen; d taneẓruft.
Bu-tedmi ixerben, d yiwen i yesɛan ayen akk yuḥwaǧ umdan maca ur yufi ara iman-is axaṭer zgan yisteqsiyen ttcewwilen-t. Ad naf amedya-a deg usebter136 :
“Zgan yisteqsiyen ttreggaten deg uqerruy-iw […] gar yisteqsiyen win n tilin n Rebbi, yeṭṭef tasga deg wallaɣ. Rebbi, yella? Rebbi, ulac-it? […] i wumi-t Rebbi? […] d amdan i d-yesnulfan Rebbi neɣ d Rebbi i d-yesnulfan amdan?”
Bu-tedmi ixerben, tbeddel tudert-is segmi iruḥ ar tmurt n Yimucaɣ, aṭas i d-yelmed ɣer Bu-wanyaten, yuɣal yufa iman-is iɣef yettnadi mi d-ifaq s tudert tamsarit ideg ulac tazzla d umyezwer… Tidmi-nni ines ixerben tuɣal teqɛed, ay-a ad t-naf deg usebter 148:
“Tisin-inu ɣer tmurt-a […] tesbuḥruy tidmi-w. Dagi ufiɣ iman-iw. Ilul-d wayeḍ deg-i: iman-iw.”
Awadem wis sin, d Bu-wanyaten yesɛa ismawen-niḍen; d imucaɣ i as-isemman yis-sen: Ba tisiway, Ba awal, Ba tangalin, Ba anyaten yessusmen, Ba tasusmi iceṭṭḥen, asusam ameslub… Wagi, d yiwen n umeɣnas yettikkin deg yiwet n tnekkra. Mi tɛedda, yufa-d iman-is deg lḥebs. Dinna, d tasusmi i d-yufa d tasellakt akked sin n yidlisen n Bu-llebsa mellulen i d-yeccelqef s tuffra ɣef yiwet n ṭṭabla tamecṭuḥt mi d-yeɣli ɛeyyu ɣef wallen n wid t-ittbeḥḥiten ayen t-iselken daɣen d tameẓẓuɣt d tfekka i d-yesnulfa dinna deg lḥebs akken ad ihedder yid-s ɣef tmedyezt i yeqqar deg yidlisen-nni. Yeqqim ayen yeqqim dinna, uwin-t lɛesker, ḍeggren-t ɣer yijdi yerɣan akken ad t-sefsin s truɣi akken daɣ ad sḥecden tidmi-s maca netta ileqqem-itt s tuffra s wanyaten n yisefra. Bu-wanyaten, yedduri leɛnaya n tisselbi akken ad isellek iman-is.
Awadem wis kraḍ, d Bu-llebsa mellulen. Wagi, d Charles de Foucauld. Nnig n tlata yiseggasen netta d anemḍer d unadi ɣef yiman-is; seg yisebgas n zzhu ɣer llebsa n lɛesker, seg llebsa n lɛesker ar llebsa tamellalt, seg tmurt n Walzas, Saint Cyr, Saumer, Seṭṭif, Mezɣanna, Lmerruk, Taneẓruft n Lezzayer, taneẓruft n Tunes, ideflawen n Ardéche, tamurt n Ccam, Nazaret, At Ɛebbas, Tamenɣest, Kel-Ɣali… almi d asmi i as-iger Asekrem irebbi. Dinna i yufa iman-is deg tudert taḥerfit. Ittelqaḍ-d awalen d yisefra n Yimucaɣ. Ayen d-yejmeɛ; kra yerra-ten-id deg yidlisen, kra-niḍen ssawḍen-t yinelbaḍen[1] s tmawit i medden.
Llan yiwudam-niḍen maca ur ttikkin ara deg yineḍruyen, am Ṭawes, mass D.C, inelbaḍen, Imucaɣ, Bu-tmeẓẓuɣt-nni d-isnulfa Bu-wanyaten deg lḥebs, Ba Ḥemmu, tawellit n Musa Ag Amestan…
Bu-tedmi ixerben, mi yuweḍ ar tniri, yesla ɣef Bu-wanyaten. Iqsed-it. Mlalen deg wass n tbuciḍant. Sɛeddan tameddit akken. Yenna-as ɣef wayen t-id-yeqsed. Netta yeggul ur t-ittɣull ḥacama yella wayen ideg yenneqraɛ yiles-is. Bu-wanyaten, yettales-as-id i Bu-tedmi ixerben ɣef tudert-is d wayen i as-yeḍran, yettales-as-d daɣen ɣef tudert n Bu-llebsa mellulen, yules-as-d amek almi yeǧǧa Ṭawes yessuter-as i Bu-tedmi ixerben ad as-yaru tibratin ideg ara as-yessegzu ayen yeḍran yid-s axaṭer yuggad tasusmi-s asma ara yuɣal ɣur-s imi iɛeṭṭel fell-as aṭas tikkelt-a.
Bu-tedmi ixerben, deg yal tikkelt ad as-yaru i Ṭaw (Ṭawes) tabrat ad as-tt-iceyyeɛ, almi uwḍent 15 n tebratin. Deg yal tabrat yettales-as-d ama ɣef yiman-is, neɣ ɣef Bu-wanyaten, neɣ ɣef Bu-llebsa mellulen. Deg yal tikkelt ideg ara as-d-yaru ɣef kra n usentel, ad as-d-iseddu timuɣliwin-is, ayen t-iceɣben…
Bu-tedmi ixerben akked Bu-wanyaten msefraqen ass n 24 yunyu 2012. Msalamen, myeḥnacen, uqbel ad iruḥ Bu-wanyaten yesteqsa Bu-tedmi ixerben ma yuzen tibratin-nni t-iweṣṣa. Yekkes-as aɣbel. Yebda Bu-wanyaten tikli d amezwaru itteddu yestemtim ɣef tuggdi-s amek ara yaf Ṭawes ma d Bu-tedmi ixerben, yekcem di lebɣi n ubrid, isell d acu i d-yeqqar Bu-wanyaten, yettibɛid ṣṣut-is almi yessalqef.
Tamawt: Ismawen n yiwudam-a (anagar Ṭawes), d irbiben kan, mačči d ismawen nennum deg tilawt. Yal isem yeqqen ar lewṣayef n uwadem-nni. “Bu-tedmi ixerben”, acku tezga texreb tidmi-s, yezga yesteqsay ɣef waṭas n temsal ma d tiririyin ttcewwilent-t ugar, yezga yettak-d tedmi-s ama d ayen yerzan tudert, tasertit, ddin, tafelsafit… “Bu-wanyaten” acku yedder s wanyaten n tunṭiqin d tmedyezt imi d nutenti i d-iɛetqen tudert-is seg lmut. Ma d “Bu-llebsa mellulen”, segmi yekkes llebsa n lɛesker netta s llebsa tamellalt neɣ llebsa n yimrabḍen irumyen.
Asexdem n yirbiben deg wungal-a deg umkan n yismawen imaẓlayen (noms propres) i nennum deg tilawt, i nennum daɣen s waṭas deg wungalen n teqbaylit, ahat yebɣa umeskar ad yessiweḍ yes-s imeɣri ar kra n yiswan, amedya ad yefk azal i lewṣayef n uwadem-nni akken ad t-ifhem yimeɣri amek iga d wamek yettxemmim…, asexdem n yirbiben-agi yeqqen tugna n uwadem ar uzamul d-yemmalen tiktiwin d tmiḍranen ugarent ismawen menwala n yiwudam. Ṣṣenf-a n yismawen n yiwudam yettarra ungal d agreɣlan ugar axaṭer yemmal-d tiktiwin mačči d imdanen.
D anwa i d amsawal agejdan deg wungal-a?
Deg wungal-a, amsawal agejdan d Bu-tedmi ixerben. Deg yinaw-ines, yettales-d ayen i as-yenna Bu-wanyaten ama ɣef yiman-is ama ɣef Bu-llebsa mellulen.
Amek ara yeɛqel yimeɣri anwa i d-yettmeslayen gar yiwudam-nni?
Deg wungal-a, ad naf amsadeɣ n usiwel (parallélisme narratif), meḥsub ad naf kraḍ n yiwudam: Bu-tedmi ixerben, Bu-wanyaten d Bu-llebsa mellulen; i kraḍ yid-sen d igensayen, yerna ad ten-naf ttalsen-d akk deg yiwet n tebrat ɣef tikkelt s umqim “nekk”. Deg tazwara, ur yettizmir ara yimeɣri ad iɛqel d anwa i d wa neɣ d anwa i d wihin, xas akka deg tazwara yakkan ad d-ifaq belli mačči yiwen n umsawal i yellan acku inaw, aɣanib n umeslay, amek d-ttawin ɣef yisental, ayen iceɣben yal awadem…Yemxallaf.
Deg tazwara ihi, imeɣri yezmer ad d-yemlal ugur, ur ifehhem ara d anwa d-ittmeslayen maca yezmer ad yeḍfer taḥkayt yerna ad d-ittfiq kra kra s uɣanib n yinaw n yal awadem alma yuɣal yetteɛqal-iten. Deg tazwara, nezmer ad neɛqel win d-ittmeslayen ma d Bu-tedmi ixerben neɣ d Bu-wanyaten neɣ d Bu-llebsa mellulen s yinaw-nsen d yisental iɣef d-ttawin d teḥkayin-nsen d wamek d-ttmeslayen imi xas akka yella wayen ideg cerken maca aṭas i ten-iferqen rnu yal yiwen yesɛa tarkiḍt-is t-issemxallfen ɣef wayeḍ:
- Bu-llebsa mellulen: isental-is: iman, ddin, tiḥḥurfa, tamedyezt…, inaw-is asma ara t-iɣer yiwen ad iḥulfu s lhiba-s acku yettmeslay s wawal iweznen yesɛan inumak lqayen, lehdur-is am wid n umɣar azemni, aṭas i yessen ɣef ddunit…
- Bu-wanyaten: isental-is: tanekkra, lḥebs, tisselbi, tasusmi… ad t-naf yettales-d ciṭ ɣef yiman-is akked Bu-llebsa mellulen, ɣef tmedyezt d wanyaten n tunṭiqin…
- Bu-tedmi ixerben: ad naf inaw-is iruḥ d allus n wayen d-iḍran gar-as d Bu-wanyaten neɣ d ayen i as-d-yeqqar ama ɣef yiman-is neɣ ɣef Bu-llebsa mellulen, inaw-is deg-s aslaḍ, tidmi, awennet, tikci n yisteqsiyen, tiririt fell-asen, asegzi, aglam…
Nezmer daɣ ad neɛqel anwa inaw yellan deg tebratin-nni s wangal (code) n tira n uḍris. Bu-tedmi ixerben, ad naf yettaru-d srid. Bu-wanyaten, ad naf inaw-is gar tmesfergin (guillemets) “…”, ma d Bu-llebsa mellulen ad naf inaw-is s tira imalen (italique).
Wali amedya i d-nekkes seg usebter 132:
Tamawt : tuddsa-agi n yinaw n kraḍ n yiwudam, yefka-as ccbaḥa tameqqrant i wungal. D tatiknikt tamaynut deg tira taqbaylit, tuḥwaǧ ad ireẓ yimeɣri aqerru-s, ad iɛteb akken ad ifhem ungal-a. Anect-a yefka-as yiwet n ccbaḥa tamxalleft (ccbaḥa-s deg tazwara, mi ara t-yeqqar yimeɣri, ad yettḥulfu kan s ccbaḥa-nni d tsekla-nni mebla ma yeẓra d anwa i d amsawal-a neɣ wihin, am uderɣal deg tlemmast n ugama, ad isell kan i yifrax, aman, ad israḥay ijeǧǧigen maca ur ten-yettwali ara. Ccbaḥa-s ar taggara, mi ara d-ifaq yimeɣri s yal amsiwel ad yeg assaɣ gar wayen d-qqaren, d ttexmam-nsen d teḥkayin-nsen…)
Taẓḍawt n uḍris-a d tettiknikt n tira yessexdem :
Deg uḥric amezwaru (Urεad bdant tebratin), ad naf tazwart d tameẓyant tesεa rebεa yisebtar ɣef wamek i aɣ-d-uwḍent tebratin-a seggment akka d ungal. Aḥric-a, ad t-naf yettales-d deg-s Bu-tedmi ixerben lḥir-is seg tebratin-nni ma ad tent-id-yesdukkel ad tent-id-yaru neɣ ad asent-imekken timess. Meεna ɣer taggara iεzem ad tent-id-yaru akken llant. Iga-d tazwart ɣef kraḍ-nni n yiwudam igejdanen d wayen iceɣben yal yiwen deg-sen (akka imeɣri ad isεu tikti fell-asen). Deg uḥric-a Bu-tedmi ixerben, yenna-d ad d-yeḥku taḥkayt-is, ad d-yernu tin n Bu-wanyaten (ama d ayen ẓrant wallen-is neɣ d ayen i as-d-yules yakkan Bu-wanyaten ɣef yiman-is), ad d-yernu taḥkayt n Bu-llebsa mellulen. Taḥkayt n Bu-llebsa mellulen (Charles de Foucauld), tella ama di tmawit (ayen d-ḥekkun fell-as yinelbaḍen/ ayen d-yuwḍen ɣer tmeẓẓuɣt n Bu-wanyeten) akked wayen yufa deg yidlisen :
« …Nekk, ad d-ḥkuɣ taḥkayt-iw, ad d-rnuɣ tin n Bu-wanyaten; ayen idergen ɣef tiṭ-iw ad t-id-yernu netta… Ma yebɣa. Taḥkayt n Bu-llebsa mellulen d azeṭṭa i sulint tuɣac yettcewwiqen tudert tamsarit. Issefk fell-i ad d-iniɣ: tudert-is, tensex di lkaɣeḍ. Tekcem idlisen: mačči yiwen, mačči sin… (12) ».
Ayen d-yules Bu-tedmi ixerben ɣef Bu-llebsa mellulen mačči d tudert-is amek tt-walan wiyaḍ. Yura-d tudert n Bu-llebsa mellulen akken tt-iwala netta s timmad-is :
« akken i tt-id-yefser di tebratin i yuzen i llemm-is d wid ukked i d-yedda […] neɣ εad wid yuɣen amkan deg wul-is… (13) ».
Ula d at-tniri, ttaznen-as tibratin. Kra seg-sent (tibratin-nni) nudant iɣiwanen, ddeqs seg-sent, uwḍent ar tmeẓẓuɣt n Bu-wanyaten. Ihi d Bu-wanyaten i yessutren i Bu-tedmi ixerben ad yaru tiḥkayin-nni d tibratin akken ad as-tent-iceyyeε i Ṭawes akken ur t-tettettu ara.
Deg uḥric-a, ad naf aferdis n usedwel (element de suspense) d-ijebbden imeɣri. Aferdis-a, yerza awadem Ṭawes. Ṭawes-agi, ur yessin ara Bu-tedmi ixerben. Yugi ad as-yefk Bu-wanyaten isallen fell-as. Imeɣri dagi, ad yebɣu ad iẓer d anta-tt? Win yeɣran dɣa Tiṭ d yilleḍ Ayen d-qqarent tewriqin[2], ad ibɣu ad iẓer Ṭawes-a ma yella d awadem-nni yellan deg wungal-nni? Ungal-a wis sin n Pr. M.A. Salḥi ma yesɛa assaɣ d wungal-is amezwaru? Ayɣer i yebɣa Bu-wanyaten ad as-yazen Bu-tedmi ixerben tibratin-nni? Ayɣer mačči d netta i as-tent-yuran; d wayeḍ i iwekkel ad ixdem ay-a? Ayɣer i yeqqim almi d imir ur inuda ara ɣef Ṭawes-a, ur tt-iseεlem s kra? Wissen Ṭawes ma teẓra anda d-yeggra Bu-wanyaten, ma yedder neɣ ala? Wissen d acu ara d-terr nettat asma ara tɣer tibratin i as-yuzen Bu-tedmi ixerben? … Imeɣri, ad iḥir ad ikemmel taɣuri n tebratin-nni akken ad d-yerr ɣef yisteqsiyen-a, akken daɣ ad yissin lbaḍnat n yal awadem.
Ad d-uɣaleɣ alma d taẓḍawt n teḥkayin-a, amek ttalint teḥkayin n wungal-a,
Deg tebrat tamenzut « Nekkni d wiyeḍ… D umkan ideg i as-nettales i tlalit-nneɣ », ad naf yebda tabrat « Amek akken ara tt-id-bduɣ ! (17) ». Deg tebrat-a, ad naf Bu-tedmi ixerben, yebda igellem-d tiniri, yettales-d ɣef yiman-is kan, seg usebter 17 almi d asebter 29, i d-ikcem yinaw n Bu-wanyaten (deg yiwet n tseddart), sakkin d win n Bu-llebsa mellulen (deg yiwet n tseddart daɣen).
Deg usebter-a 29, inaw-nni d ayen yura Bu-llebsa mellulen deg yiwet seg tebratin-is. D Bu-wanyaten i as-d-yennan anect-a. Bu-wanyaten, d inelbaḍen yemlal gar tgenturin n yijdi i as-t-id-yennan, 30.
Mi yekfa daɣ yinaw n Bu-llebsa mellulen, ad d-yuɣal yinaw n Bu-tedmi ixerben. Akka i llment teḥkayin n wungal-a s umyekcem n teḥkayin ta deg ta; s rrwaḥ d tuɣalin gar yinaw n Bu-tedmi ixerben ar yinaw n Bu-wanyaten ar yinaw n Bu-llebsa mellulen. Deg yinaw n yal yiwen, ad naf ikeččem-d Bu-tedmi ixerben s tesleḍt, s uwennet, s tedmi, s uglam neɣ s usegzi… Bu-tedmi ixerben, d netta i yeṭṭfen amur ameqqran n umeslay acku d netta i d amsawal agejdan, d netta i yessemlalen inawen. Yal tabrat, ad naf tettuɣal-d t’tiknikt-a. Akken almi kfant akk 15-nni n tebratin. Dinna i kfant teḥkayin s umsefreq n Bu-wanyaten akked Bu-tedmi ixerben.
Ihi deg wungal-a, ttellment teḥkayin, ineḍruyen, isental, tiktiwin… Ḥsab n wamek i ilaq ad yali uɛlaw: ciṭ d rrqem azegzaw, ciṭ d rrqem azewwaɣ, ciṭ d rrqem awraɣ… Ullis-is yeffeɣ-d yeẓḍa akken iwata, yeččur d ccbaḥa, ad naf deg-s asedwel… Ay-a, yeǧǧa aḍris yecbeḥ mliḥ yerna ijebbed imeɣri akken ad isɛu tawnafit (coriosité) akken ad t-ikemmel xas akka yeddes neɣ yuɛer i tigzi.
Tamawin:
- Ungal-a mačči am wungalen-niḍen, ur nettaf ara deg-s aṭas n udiwenni (ad t-naf anagar deg usebter 40, 42, 62, 63, 133) akken daɣ ur nettaf ara deg-s aṭas n yineḍruyen yemseḍfaren wa deffir wa imi ungal-a, yebna ɣef tedmi d yiḥulfan n yiwudam. Iswi-s akken ad nissin tiktiwin, timuɣliwin n yinallasen-iwudam. Tatiknikt-a, tettwaxdem akka akken ad tdegger imeɣri ad ixemmem netta d yiman-is, ad yales axemmem ɣef kra n yisental.
XUXI Nasima
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[1]Inelbaḍen (analbaḍ) : di tmedyezt n Yimucaɣ, d amdan i iḥeffḍen isefra n umedyaz (amsesway) d wayen akk yeqqnen ɣer tudert n umedyaz-agi. Yettawi-d isefra-ni deg yiɣiwanen (campements). Akka i selḥayen tamedyezt ɣur-sen.
[2]Ungal “Tiṭ d yilleḍ ayen i d-qqarent tewriqin”, d ungal amezwaru n Pr.Salḥi Muḥend Akli. Yeffeɣ-d ɣer teẓrigin Imtidad (Lezzayer tamannaɣt), deg meɣres 2022. D ungal irebḥen arraz ameqqran n Asya Ǧebbar deg 30 yunyu 2022. Ma d awadem Ṭawes deg wungal-a, d yiwet n tefremlit d-ijmaɛayen iḍrisen yura yiwen n umuḍin, tuwi-ten i yiwen n uselmad n tesdawit akken ad ten-id-yessuffeɣ d adlis.
[3]Ungal “Gar igenni d tmurt”, yeffeɣ-d ar teẓrigin Frantz Fanon deg 2017. Taḥkayt n wungal-a, tettales-d ɣef yiwet n tmarut iruḥen ar yiwet n taddart akken ad tnadi isallen ɣef yiwet n temjahedt tameqqrant i nɣan yirumyen gar yigenni d tmurt mi tt-id-ḍeggren si llabyu, tagi d Faḍma Ibelɛiden. Mi d-tuɣal seg taddart-nni, yura-as-d yiwen n yilemẓi isem-is Yuba tabrat. Deg tebrat-nni, yenna-as belli akka d afella ad as-d-ittceyyiɛ tibratin. Tibratin-nni, d iḍrisen itura setti-s Zehra. Akka i iruḥ wungal; gar tebratin n Yuba akked uraju n tmarut-nni. Lawan-nni n uraju, tikkelt ad d-tettales ɣef yiman-is, ad d-tgellem kra n wadeg, MD. Tamdint n Bgayet… neɣ ad d-tettales ɣef wayen tettidir deg wussan-nnu uqbel ad d-taweḍ tebrat… Ungal yekfa s teḥkayt n Yuba, imi ula d netta yules-as-id kra seg wayen yeḍran yid-s deg tedyanin n 2001. Akka i yuli wungal-a.
[4] D asumer n mass Remḍan Ɛacur, d aselmad n tesnilest deg tesdawit n Tizi Wezzu. Awal-a, yekka-d seg uẓar ẒR+L (Ẓer+ili).
